波兰国家气候与发展报告2024

World Bank Group November 2024 COUNTRY CLIMATEAND DEVELOPMENT REPORT:POLAND © 2024 The World Bank Group1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000;Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), theInternational Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the MultilateralInvestment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), collectively known as The World Bank Group, with external contributors. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content includedin this work, or the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liabilityfor any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in thecontent whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and otherinformation shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of any of the organizations of The WorldBank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.The citation of works authored by others does not mean The World Bank Group endorses the views expressedby those authors or the content of their works. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in thisvolume do not necessarily reflect the views of IBRD/IDA, IFC and MIGA, their respective Boards of ExecutiveDirectors, and the governments they represent. The contents of this work are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended toconstitute legal, securities, or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment,or a solicitation of any type. Some of the organizations of The World Bank Group or their affiliates may havean investment in, provide other advice or services to, or otherwise have a financial interest in, certain of thecompanies and parties named herein. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privilegesand immunities of any of IBRD/IDA, IFC and MIGA, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank Group encourages dissemination ofits knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as fullattribution to this work is given and all further permissions that may be required for such use (as noted herein)are acquired. The World Bank Group does not warrant that the content contained in this work will not infringeon the rights of third parties and accepts no responsibility or liability in this regard. All queries on rights andlicenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC20433, USA; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org Table of Contents Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................................................vAbbreviations.............................................................................................................................................................viiExecutive Summary...................................................................................................................................................ix 1.1. Securing competitiveness and inclusion in a decarbonizing world..................................................................21.2. Climate proofing Poland’s economy and society...............................................................................................6 2.1. Closing the climate policy gap...........................................................................................................................102.2. Policies and institutions for private sector action............................................................................................122.3. Institutional barriers to climate-oriented reform and investments................................................................15 Chapter 3.Decarbonization and Resilience........................................................................................................19 3.1. A net zero economy by 2050............................................................................................................................203.1.1. Achieving a net zero energy system to maintain competitiveness and growth...................................203.1.2. Decarbonizing energy supply..................................................................................................................213.1.3. Taking transport, heating, and industry to net zero..............................................................................283.1.4. Costs and benefits of decarbonization....................................................