新兴和发展中经济体的清洁能源创新政策

Clean EnergyInnovation Policiesin Emerging andDeveloping Economies INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31member countries,13associationcountries and beyond. IEA membercountries: IEA associationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract Emerging developing economies have a major stake in tackling the climatechallenge, including through the innovations needed to underpin the clean energytransition. In recent years, energy, climate and development policies in manyemerging economies have included ambitious innovation objectives for cleanenergy technologies. The economic opportunity is large, and strengthening energyinnovation systems in these countries is important for the pace of global energytransitions. However, the statuses and forms of these innovation systems varywidely today. Government policies play an essential role in clean energy innovation, and it is thecombination of a broad range of measures that makes them effective. Emergingeconomies have a wealth of policy and innovation experience to share, and allcountries have much to learn about their specific challenges and commonalities. This report presents 11 new case studies of national experiences with policydevelopment and implementation in support of energy innovation in emerging anddeveloping economies. The case studies, authored by national experts, cover arange of technologies and highlight distinct aspects of the energy innovationprocess across diverse settings in Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, India,Kazakhstan, Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria and South Africa. A comparison ofthe case studies reveals seven key findings and a set of insights for governments,intergovernmental bodies and other partners to work on effective policy packagesand stronger clean energy innovation ecosystems globally. Acknowledgements This report was prepared jointly by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and theIndian Institute for Technology, Delhi (IIT Delhi). The study was designed anddirected by Simon Bennett of the Energy Technology Policy (ETP) Division of theDirectorateof Sustainability,Technology and Outlooks(STO)at the IEA,Professor Ambuj Sagar, Vipula and Mahesh Chaturvedi Professor of PolicyStudies at IIT Delhi. Amalia Pizarro (IEA) and Abhishek Malhotra (IIT Delhi andWorld Bank) contributed conceptual, organisational and intellectual inputs. PedroNinô de Carvalho of the IEA Office of Global Energy Relations supported the Brazilchapter. The IEA input was delivered under the guidance of Timur Gül, IEA ChiefEnergy Technology Officer. The case study chapters were contributed by the following national experts:Soukaina Boudoudouh (L'Institut de Recherche en Énergie Solaire et ÉnergiesNouvelles), Edilaine Camillo (State University of Campinas), Diana Canales(Conahcyt), André Tosi Furtado (State University of Campinas), Carina Guzowski(Universidad Nacional del Sur), Zhangjin Huang (School of Political Science andPublic Administration, China University of Political Science and Law), María MaríaIbañez Martín (Universidad Nacional del Sur), Abhishek Malhotra (World Bank),Loveline Muluh (University of Cape Town), Vivian Ogechi Nwadiaru (University ofMassachusetts Amherst), Vincent Ogaya (Kenya Climate Innovation Center),Serik Orazagaliyev (SDSN Kazakhstan and Graduate School of Public Policy,NazarbayevUniversity),Olufolahan Osunmuyiwa(Chalmers University ofTechnology), Rodrigo Palacios (Conahcyt, Iniciativa Climática de México), ClaraInes Pardo Martinez (Universidad del Rosario), Britta Rennkamp (University ofCape Town), Ambuj Sagar (IIT Delhi), Aliya Sembayeva (SDSN Kazakhstan,Nazarbayev University), Stella Tsani (Department of Economics, National andKapodistrian University of Athens), Stefanos Xenarios (SDSN Kazakhstan andGraduateSchool of Public Policy,Nazarbayev University and CSIROEnvironment, Australia), María Florencia Zabaloy (Universidad Nacional del Sur),ReginaZamora(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México),Fang Zhang(School of Public Policy and Manage