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通过巴基斯坦的混合社会保护计划推进危机弹性社会保护

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Advancing Crisis-Resilient Social Protection through a Hybrid Social Protection Scheme in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

Abstract

This paper explores the implementation of a hybrid social protection scheme in Pakistan aimed at enhancing crisis-resilient social protection. The study uses empirical data to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions, focusing on savings, digital literacy, financial inclusion, and borrowing behaviors.

Introduction
Literature Review
Objectives and Design of the Savings Scheme
Sampling Framework, Data Collection, and Methodology
Quantitative Analysis
Empirical Estimations and Methodology
Results and Discussions
Qualitative Analysis
Conclusion
Annex: Empirical Analysis
References

Figures

Figure 5.1: Reading and Writing Skills
Figure 5.2: Mathematical Skills
Figure 5.3: Cell Phone Ownership
Figure 5.4: Access to Cell Phone
Figure 5.5: Reasons for Not Owning a Cell Phone
Figure 5.6: Bank Account Ownership
Figure 5.7: Mobile Money Account Ownership
Figure 5.8: Global Findex Pakistan—Financial Inclusion
Figure 5.9: Global Findex Pakistan—Mobile Money Account Ownership
Figure 5.10: Money Transfer Method
Figure 5.11: Ease of Transaction
Figure 5.12: Global Findex Pakistan—Savings
Figure 5.13: Do You Save Money?
Figure 5.14: Frequency of Saving
Figure 5.15: Average Monthly Amount of Saving
Figure 5.16: If Saving, Who Do You Trust with Your Money?
Figure 5.17: Source of Loan
Figure 5.18: Global Findex Pakistan—Borrowing
Figure 5.19: Primary Decision-Maker Regarding Savings
Figure 5.20: Influence of Male Family Members on Savings
Figure 5.21: Willingness to Save under Contributory Saving Design
Figure 5.22: Saving Incentives
Figure 5.23: Preferred Frequency of Saving
Figure 5.24: Daily Saving Willingness
Figure 5.25: Monthly Saving Willingness
Figure 5.26: Willingness to Save in Mobile Money Accounts
Figure 5.27: Saving Retention

Tables

Table 1: Sample Selection Framework
Table 2: Impact of the Saving Index, Borrowing Behavior, Digital Literacy and Inclusion, Financial Literacy, and the Money Transfer Mode

Key Findings

Digital Literacy and Inclusion: High percentages of respondents own cell phones and mobile money accounts, indicating improved digital inclusion.
Financial Literacy: There is a significant gap in financial literacy, particularly among women and rural populations.
Savings Patterns: While many respondents save regularly, trust in financial institutions remains low, affecting retention rates.
Incentives and Motivations: Savings incentives and frequent saving options increase willingness to save.
Gender and Age Differences: Women and younger individuals are less likely to save and have lower financial literacy compared to men and older adults.

Conclusion

The hybrid social protection scheme shows promise in enhancing crisis-resilient social protection in Pakistan. However, targeted interventions are needed to improve financial literacy, increase trust in financial institutions, and address gender and age disparities in savings behavior. Further research and policy adjustments are recommended to optimize the scheme's effectiveness.

讨论论文 | 2024 年 8 月 2407 号通过混合社会保障方案提升巴基斯坦的社会保护韧性：实证分析 Fareeha Adil 和 Melis Gu © 2024 国际复兴开发银行/世界银行。地址：美国华盛顿特区1818 H Street NW，电话：202–473–1000；互联网：www.worldbank.org。保留部分权利本工作由世界银行的工作人员与外部贡献共同完成。文中所呈现的发现、解读及结论并不一定代表世界银行、其执行董事委员会或其所代表政府的观点。世界银行不对本作品中包含的数据准确性承担责任。本作品中地图上的边界、颜色、面值和其他信息均不反映世界银行对任何领土法律地位的意见或对其边界的认可或赞同。权利和许可本工作在国际政府组织创用CC授权3.0条款（CC BY 3.0 IGO）下提供。网址为：<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo>。根据创用CC授权，您可以在以下条件下自由进行复制、传播、传输和改编此作品，包括商业用途：- 必须署名原始作者和来源。- 不得对原始作品进行修改。归因 - 请引用以下工作： Adil ， Fareeha 和 Guven ， Melis 。 2024 。通过混合社会保障方案提升巴基斯坦的社会保护危机韧性：实证分析。© 世界银行。许可证: CC BY 3.0 IGO 。- 任何基于原作品衍生的作品都必须遵守相同的授权条款。翻译 - 如果您创建此作品的翻译，请添加以下免责声明以及归属：这个翻译并非世界银行所创建，也不应被视为世界银行的官方翻译。世界银行不对这个翻译中的任何内容或错误承担责任。. 改编 - 如果您创建此作品的改编，请添加以下免责声明以及归属：这是世界银行原作的改编版本。改编中的观点和意见由改编作者或作者独自负责，并未得到世界银行的认可或支持。. 第三方内容 - 世界银行并不必然拥有作品中包含的每个内容组件。因此，世界银行不保证使用作品中任何由第三方拥有的单个组件或部分都不会侵犯第三方的权利。此类侵权引起的索赔风险完全由您承担。如果您希望重用作品的某个组件，应由您自行确定是否需要获取重用许可，并从版权所有人处获得许可。组件示例可能包括但不限于表格、图表或图像等。所有关于权利和许可的问题应 addressed 至世界银行出版社，世界银行集团，地址：美国华盛顿特区1818 H街NW；传真：202-522-2625；电子邮件：pubrights@worldbank.org。封面和文字图片：世界银行照片集， https: / / www. flickr. com / people / worldbank / 。前进危机 - 社会保护通过 a巴基斯坦混合社会保护方案实证分析 Fareeha Adil 和 Melis Guven Contents 5.1摘要...........................................................................v致谢..........................................................................v首字母缩写和缩写......................................................................................vi1. 简介........................................................................... 12. 文献综述......................3. 储蓄方案的目标和设计...............................................4. 抽样框架、数据收集和方法 75. 定量分析................. 9探索性数据分析. 96. 经验估计与方法论 187. 结果与讨论...............................................................................................8. 定性分析..................... 278.1 焦点小组讨论. 27 8.2 调查结果. 30 参考资料 36附件: 实证分析..................... 339. 结论............................ 31 数字 Tables1样本选择框架...................................................................................................................................75.1 阅读和写作技能..........................................................................................................................................95.2 数学技能.......................................................................................................................................................95.3 手机所有权...............................................................................................................................................105.4 手机访问情况............................................................................................................................................105.5 未拥有手机的原因.................................................................................................................................105.6 银行账户所有权..........................................................................................................................................115.7 移动货币账户所有权.............................................................................................................................115.8 全球金融包容性调查—巴基斯坦数据..................................................................................................115.9 全球金融包容性调查—移动货币账户所有权..................................................................................115.10 付款方式....................................................................................................................................................115.11 交易便利性...................................................................................................................................................115.12 全球金融包容性调查—储蓄...................................................................................................................125.13 你会储蓄吗？................................................................................................................................................125.14 储蓄频率....................................................................................................................................................135.15 平均每月储蓄金额.................................................................................................................................135.16 如果储蓄，你会信任谁保管你的钱？...............................................................................................135.17 贷款来源........................................................................................................................................................145.18 全球金融包容性调查—借款.....................................................................................................................145.19 关于储蓄的主要决策者.......................................................................................................................145.20 家庭男性成员对储蓄的影响...............................................................................................................155.21 在共同储蓄设计

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