ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKAsiAn Development BAnk6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, Philippineswww.adb.orgThe Road to Better Long-Term Care in Asia and the PacificBuilding Systems of Care and Support for Older Persons The Asian Development Bank is at the forefront of providing countries across Asia and the Pacific with the technical assistance needed to develop long-term care systems and services for older people. This report shares insights from six diverse countries at different stages of demographic change: Indonesia, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tonga, and Viet Nam. It explores the situation of long-term care development in these countries, identifies common challenges and promising practices, and recommends key priorities for future action in system strengthening and service delivery. About the Asian Development BankADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. Established in 1966, it is owned by 68 members —49 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance.The RoAD To BeTTeR Long-TeRm CARe in AsiA AnD The PACifiCBuilding SyStemS of Care and Support for older perSonSmay 2022 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKThe Road To BeTTeR Long-TeRm CaRe in asia and The PaCifiCBuilding SyStemS of Care and Support for older perSonSmay 2022 Creative Commons attribution 3.0 igo license (CC By 3.0 igo)© 2022 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.orgSome rights reserved. Published in 2022. ISBN 978-92-9269-539-2 (print); 978-92-9269-540-8 (electronic); 978-92-9269-541-5 (ebook)Publication Stock No. TCS220199-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS220199-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material.Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo.Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars and “B” refers to baht.ADB recognizes “Vietnam” as Viet Nam.On the cover: Income-generating activity borrower, Nguyen Thi Thai, works in her field in Lai Dong No. 2 Village, Bac Ninh Province, Viet Nam (photo by Xuang-Phong Le/Asian Development Bank).Cover design by: Solveig Bang ContentsTables, Figures, and Boxes ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ivForeword ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������vAcknowledgments �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������viAbbreviations ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������viiKey Points �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������i