中国小微经营者调查2021年四季度报告

ѣളቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻䈹ḛ2021ᒪ഑ᆙᓜᣛ઀ ᳞2022ᒪжᆙᓜѣളቅᗤ㔅㩛ؗᗹ᤽ᮦᣛ઀ Online Survey of Micro-and-small Enterprises (OSOME): Quarterly Report (2021Q4) and Confidence Index (2022Q1) ्ӢཝᆜԷѐཝᮦᦤ⹊ガѣᗹ Center for Enterprise Research, Peking University ्Ӣཝᆜѣള立Ր〇ᆜ䈹ḛѣᗹ Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University 㲸㲷䳼ഘ⹊ガ䲘 Ant Group Research Institute 㖇୼䬬㺂 MYbank 2022ᒪ1ᴾ January 2022 䈹ḛᣛ઀৸ф㘻 ᕖᲉ⌘Ƚᆊ⏑ȽᶞᄋለȽ⧁޿޿Ƚᢵᆆ⨰Ƚ䱾、᜖Ƚ⺋ࡎ ᶄᥥ঄Ƚ⧁㣩Ƚ傢Ᲊፕ ᢶᵥ᭥ᤷ 㲸㲷䳼ഘ⹊ガ䲘Ƚ㲸㲷䳼ഘᇘᡭ։僂਀ᵹⴀؓ䳒䜞Ƚ㖇୼䬬㺂 ्Ӣཝᆜቅᗤ䈹⹊䬴᧛φ https://www.cer.pku.edu.cn/osome 㲸㲷䳼ഘ⹊ガ䲘ቅᗤ䈹⹊䬴᧛φ https://www.dfor.org.cn/research/confidencedata ᪎㾷 㔝䘔㔣ӊ⅗ਇᐹɅѣളቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻䈹ḛᆙᓜᣛ઀Ɇδ2020ᒪпᆙᓜࡦ2021ᒪпᆙᓜε੄θ2021ᒪ12ᴾθ्ӢཝᆜԷѐཝᮦᦤ⹊ガѣᗹȽ्Ӣཝᆜѣള立Ր〇ᆜ䈹ḛѣᗹф㲸㲷䳼ഘ⹊ガ䲘Ƚ㖇୼䬬㺂㔝㔣䙐䗽㓵р䈹⹊ᒩਦੇֵ⭞᭥Ԏᇓ᭬vᵃࣗⲺ⍱䏹ቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻䳅ᵰਇ᭴䰤ভθ᧘ḛቅᗤ㔅㩛ᴶ᯦᛻߫Ⱦ㔅䗽њઞᰬ䰪Ⲻᣋ᭴θާ䇗ഔ᭬ᴿ᭾ᆑভ15569ԳȾṭᵢѣⲺቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ᒩൽࡑ䙖ቧѐውփ㓜4.3Ѡδу੡㔅㩛㘻ᵢӰεθ࠼ݻ։⧦֒ެѰ੮㓩ቧѐѱ࣑ߑⲺ䀈㢨Ⱦቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ᰘᱥᡇള立Ր㔅⎄ਇኋⲺ∑㓼㹶㇗ૂѣඐ࣑䠅θੂᰬഖެ㿺′′′′㙂ޭᴿ⢯⇀Ⲻ㜼ᕧᙝȾ ะӄᵢ⅗䈹⹊Ⲻ࠼᷆θᡇളቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻൞2021ᒪᅴ഑ᆙᓜⲺ㔅㩛⣬߫Ƚᡶ䶘ѪⲺু࣑Ƚ᢬ᤷ᭵ᆔⲺ㾼ⴌȽ㷃䍺᛻߫θԛ਀ሯᵠᶛⲺؗᗹᅀᯯ䶘੾⧦ԛс⢯⛯φ 1Ƚቅ ᗤ 㔅 㩛 ᮪ ։ 㔅 㩛 㺞 ⧦ ᴿ ᡶ с ┇ θռ у ᧈ 䲚 ᆙ 㢸 ᙝ ഖ ㍖ Ⱦԛ⯡᛻ࢃⲺ2019ᒪੂᵕ֒Ѱ∊䖹ะ߼θ㔅㩛ᚘགྷ∊ׁ䲃㠩䗽ৱ഑ѠᆙᓜԛᶛⲺᴶք⛯χ㙂ሯ∊2020ᒪੂᵕθᵢᆙᓜቅᗤ㔅㩛㺞⧦ࡏ⴮ሯഔ᳌ᡌфҁᤷᒩȾфржᆙᓜ⧥∊㙂䀶θቅᗤ㔅㩛࠰⧦㩛ѐ᭬ޛȽ⧦䠇⍷㔪ᤷ⣬߫ԛ਀࡟⏜⦽“п䲃”߫⣬θӜਥ㜳⭧㔅㩛ᆙᓜᙝഖ㍖ሲ㠪Ⱦ 2Ƚᐸ൰䴶≸у䏩ૂᡆᵢু࣑ԃᱥቅᗤ㔅㩛Ⱁ⛯θ᭵ᆔу⺤ᇐᙝૂい䍯䍕᣻ሯ䖹ཝ㿺′′′′ቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ᖘᡆু࣑Ⱦфржᆙᓜ㊱ղθᤷ㔣ദᢦቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻Ⲻѱ㾷ഖ㍖ԃᱥᐸ൰䴶≸⯨ᕧૂᡆᵢⲺ ু࣑θެѣᐸ൰䴶≸у䏩ሯ㿺′′′′䖹ቅⲺቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ᶺᡆᴪཝ᥇ᡎχሯ㿺′′′′䖹ཝⲺቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻㙂䀶θ䲚㔅㩛ᡆᵢু࣑ԛཌθ᭵ᆔу⺤ᇐᙝૂい䍯ু࣑ҕᡆѰⰑ⛯Ⱦ 3Ƚ᢬ᤷ᭵ᆔ䙆↛䘶࠰θ㾼ⴌ∊ׁфрᆙᓜ⴮∊ቅᑻс䲃θᲤ᜖ᙝⲺい᭬᭥ᤷ᭵ᆔ㾼ⴌ∊ׁ䖹ެԌ᭵ᆔᴪ儎Ⱦ਺亯᢬ᤷ᭵ᆔሯቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻Ⲻ㾼ⴌぁᓜ൞уੂ⌞߂㊱ශȽуੂ㿺′′′′ҁ䰪ᐤᔸ᱄ᱴȾ“い᭬᭥ᤷ”㊱᭵ᆔⲺ㾼ⴌ⦽䖹ެԌ᢬ᤷ᭵ᆔᴪ儎θӡ਍ࡦ“ᡆރࠅᵢ”ⲺѠ։ᡭδ⢯ࡡᱥᵠᐛ୼⌞߂㘻ε∊ׁ儎Էѐ࡬ਮޢӄχ“どውどቧѐ”᭵ᆔᴪཐ᜖਀ޢਮ࡬ԷѐȾ 4Ƚቅ ᗤ 㔅 㩛 㘻 ሯ2022ᒪжᆙᓜⲺ㔅㩛ؗᗹᙱ᤽ᮦс┇㠩㦙ᷥ㓵ԛсθޢਮ࡬Էѐؗᗹс䲃᱄ᱴθѠ։ᡭؗᗹᒩ㕉с┇Ⱦ൞ᐸ൰䴶≸ૂ㩛ѐ᭬ޛᯯ䶘θቅᗤ㔅㩛ؗᗹ᤽ᮦԃؓᤷ൞䖱ᓜ҆㿸॰䰪χ䳽઎㿺′′′′Ƚ䘆㩛ᡆᵢњ亯Ⲻؗᗹ൞ᛨ㿸॰䰪޻ᵠ㿷㕉ૂȾޢਮ࡬ԷѐⲺؗᗹ᤽ᮦс┇㠩㦙ᷥ㓵ԛсθъᙱ։р䖹Ѡ։ᡭؗᗹᴪքȾ 5Ƚቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻〥ᶷ䶘ሯ㔅㩛ദ䳴ф⯡᛻θሯ㔅㩛ؓᤷ丝ᙝθ⴮ؗᡆࣕᴪཝぁᓜр਌ߩӄѠӰ࣑࣠θᒬ䙐䗽䈹᮪ᇐԭ㩛䬶ȽѠӰቧѐȽ䳽ᐛ਀㔅㩛ᅀᯯᕅ〥ᶷᓊሯ᥇ᡎȾ⴮∊䶔ቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻θቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻Ფ䚃ሯ⭕⍱┗ᝅᓜᴪ儎θъᴪⵁ䠃ѠӰ࣑࣠ഖ㍖Ⱦታ㇗ཝ䠅ቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻䇚Ѱ㠠䓡䶘Ѫ㔅㩛ദູθռԌԢ䙐䗽ᇐԭ㩛䬶Ƚ䳽઎ᆿᧈૂ㔅㩛⭕ӝᅀᯯᕅ〥ᶷᓊሯθᒬԛᢉ䴬ᐛᅀ䙊ᖺᶛᇔ⧦㠠ᮇθ࠮ᱴ࠰ᕰཝ丝ᙝȾ ⴤᖋ жȽѣളቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻䈹ḛⲺะᵢ᛻߫ ........................................................................ 6 δжε䈹ḛ䇴䇗਀ᇔ᯳ ................................................................................................ 6 δӂε䈹ḛ⢯㢨 ............................................................................................................ 7 ӂȽѣളቅᗤ㔅㩛䈹ḛⲺѱ㾷ਇ⧦ ............................................................................ 9 δжε2021ᒪ഑ᆙᓜቅᗤ㔅㩛䖹пᆙᓜс┇θռሯ∊2020ᒪ഑ᆙᓜะᵢどᇐ . 9 1. 㔅㩛⣬߫ ........................................................................................................... 9 2. ⧦䠇⍷㔪ᤷ᛻߫ ............................................................................................... 9 δӂεᡆᵢু࣑ૂᐸ൰䴶≸⯨䖥ᤷ㔣ᡆѰቅᗤ㔅㩛Ⱁ⛯ ...................................... 10 1. ቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ᡶ䶘ѪⲺᴶѱ㾷ু࣑ᶛⓆӄᡆᵢ ............................................. 10 2. 〕䠇Ƚ৕ᶆᯏૂ䳽ᐛᡆᵢᶺᡆ㔅㩛ᡆᵢু࣑Ⲻᴶѱ㾷৕ഖ ..................... 11 3. い䍯䍕᣻ᴿᡶࣖ䠃 ......................................................................................... 14 δпεሯቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻Ⲻ᢬ᤷ᭵ᆔ㾼ⴌ䶘㕉䲃，᭵ᆔу⺤ᇐᙝᱴ⧦ ...................... 17 1. ᢬ᤷ᭵ᆔ㾼ⴌ䙆⑆␗࠰θቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ԃᴿ䴶≸ ......................................... 17 2. ᭵ᆔу⺤ᇐᙝૂい䍯ሯቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻Ⲻᖧଃ ................................................. 20 δ഑εቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻㷃䍺䴶≸どᇐȽ㷃䍺ᡆᵢрॽ .................................................. 21 1. 㷃䍺䴶≸ ......................................................................................................... 21 2. 㷃䍺⑖䚉 ......................................................................................................... 23 3. 㷃䍺㧭ᗍ ......................................................................................................... 24 4. 㷃䍺ሯ㔪ᤷቧѐ㿺′′′′Ⲻᑤࣟ ......................................................................... 27 δӊε2022ᒪжᆙᓜቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ؗᗹ᤽ᮦ䎦ք ..................................................... 27 1. ᇔ䱻㺞⧦௒ᘝ৸ঀθቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻2022ᒪжᆙᓜؗᗹ᤽ᮦᴿᡶс┇ ....... 27 2. ቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ؗᗹ᤽ᮦᔸ䍞ᙝ࠼᷆ ................................................................. 28 εޣδቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ሯ⭕⍱҆㿸ᘷᓜуࠅθ〥ᶷ䟽਌᧠᯳ᓊሯ᥇ᡎ ...................... 31 1. ቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻Ფ䚃ᴪࣖⵁ䠃ѠӰ࣑࣠ഖ㍖θሯ⭕⍱ᴪࣖ┗ᝅ ..................... 31 2. 䶘ሯ㔅㩛ദ䳴θቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ԃ⴮࣑ؗ࣠ᴿഔᣛ ......................................... 33 3. ⯡᛻ሯቅᗤ㔅㩛ӝ⭕࠱ߨθռ㔅㩛㘻ԃؓᤷ丝ᙝ ..................................... 34 4. 䶘ሯу࡟ഖ㍖θቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻〥ᶷᔶኋ䈹᮪ᓊሯ ......................................... 36 пȽᙱ㔉ф䇞䇰 .......................................................................................................... 38 䱺φ“ቅᗤᴿ䈓䈪” ...................................................................................................... 40 6 жȽѣളቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻䈹ḛⲺะᵢ᛻߫ δжε䈹ḛ䇴䇗਀ᇔ᯳ 2021ᒪ12ᴾθ्ӢཝᆜԷѐཝᮦᦤ⹊ガѣᗹȽ्Ӣཝᆜѣള立Ր〇ᆜ䈹ḛѣᗹф㲸㲷䳼ഘ⹊ガ䲘Ƚ㖇୼䬬㺂䙐䗽᭥Ԏᇓᒩਦ㓵р䈹⹊ᒩਦθሯ⍱䏹ቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻1䳅ᵰਇ᭴䰤ভθᣋ᭴ᰬ䮵ާњઞθᴶ㓾ഔ᭬ᴿ᭾ᆑভ15569ԳȾᵢ⅗䈹ḛᡶ᭬䳼Ⲻؗᚥऻᤢቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻Ⲻ㔅㩛Ƚ㷃䍺䴶≸ԛ਀ሯᵠᶛⲺ人ᵕᅀ᛻߫θṭᵢ㾼ⴌᡇളуੂ൦॰Ƚуੂ㺂ѐθሯᡇളቅᗤ㔅㩛Ⲻ㔅㩛⣬߫Ƚᡶ䙽ࡦⲺ᥇ᡎ਀ሯсжᆙᓜⲺؗᗹᴿ䖹Ѱޞ䶘Ⲻ։⧦Ⱦᵢ⅗䈹ḛᱥ㠠2020ᒪ9ᴾ䎭θᵢ䈴从㓺䘔㔣ᅴޣѠᆙᓜੇᡇളቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ᣋ᭴䈹⹊䰤ভθѰᐸ൰ѱ։Ƚᆜᵥ⮂Ƚ᭵ᆔ࡬ᇐ㘻਀立ՐޢՍҼ䀙ቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻⭕ᆎ⣬߫ᨆבҼᮦᦤ᭥ᤷθ⴮ީ⹊ガᡆ᷒ҕਇᐹӄѣ㤧ᮽᆜᵥࡀᵕθᒬ਍ࡦ立Ր਺⮂Ⲻᒵ⌑ީ⌞2Ⱦ ᵢ䈹ḛⲺ䰤ভ䇴䇗৸㘹Ҽ⴮ީⲺԷѐȽѠ։ᡭ਀⯡᛻䈹⹊θᒬ䪾ሯѣളቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻Ⲻ⢯ᖷ਀ള޻གྷᐛགྷӝⲺ᮪։䏁ࣵθੂᰬ㔉ਾ㓵р䈹ḛⲺ⢯⛯䘑㺂Ҽ᭯䘑Ⱦެѣθ䰤ভ䜞࠼⢯ٕࡡ䢪ᒬᔬ㔣Ҽ्Ӣཝᆜ“ѣളԷѐࡑ᯦ࡑѐ䈹ḛ”(Enterprise Survey for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in ChinaθESIEC)3ѣቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻⯡᛻⭕ᆎ䈹ḛ䰤ভȾ↚ཌθᵢ䈹ḛⲺ䰤ভ䇴䇗䘎৸㘹Ҽޞള㔅⎄ᲤḛȽޞളӰਙᲤḛᅀཝශ䈹ḛȾቧ䈹ḛᮦᦤ㙂䀶θESIEC൞2020ᒪ2ᴾȽ5ᴾȽ8ᴾԛ਀2021ᒪ7-8ᴾݾ੄ሯѣളѣቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻਀⌞߂Ѡ։ᡭᔶኋҼ഑䖤⭫䈓਀ᇔ൦䈹ḛθޭᴿ䖹儎৸㘹ԭٲȾ ᵢ䈹ḛⲺ޻ᇯѱ㾷ऻᤢԛсӊѠᯯ䶘φжᱥቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻ะᵢؗᚥθऻᤢᡶኔ㺂ѐȽᡆ㄁ᰬ䮵Ƚ䳽઎ӰᮦȽ㩛ѐ᭬ޛᅀؗᚥχӂᱥቅᗤ㔅㩛㘻⯡᛻ҁ੄Ⲻᚘགྷ᛻߫χпᱥ㔅㩛᛻߫θऻᤢ㩛᭬Ƚ࡟⏜ૂ㔅㩛ু࣑ᅀχ഑ᱥ㷃䍺᛻߫θऻᤢ㷃䍺ⴤⲺૂ䴶≸Ƚ㷃䍺⑖䚉ૂᡆᵢȽ㷃䍺ദ䳴ૂ⬬亾ᅀχӊᱥሯᵠᶛпѠᴾ㔅㩛᛻߫δᐸ൰䴶≸Ƚ㩛ѐ᭬ޛȽ㔅㩛ᡆᵢ