The Global Gender Gap Report2016Insight Report Insight ReportThe GlobalGender Gap Report2016 The Global Gender Gap Report 2016 is published by the World Economic Forum.AT THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUMPr ofessor Klaus SchwabFounder and Executive ChairmanRichard SamansHead of the Centre for the Global Agenda, Member of the Managing BoardSaadia ZahidiHead of Education, Gender and Work,Member of the Executive CommitteeTill Alexander LeopoldProject Lead, Education, Gender and WorkVesselina RatchevaData Analyst, Education, Gender and WorkAT HARVARD UNIVERSITYProfessor Ricardo HausmannDirector of the Center for International Development (CID) and Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the Harvard Kennedy SchoolAT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEYProfessor Laura D’Andrea TysonDirector of the Institute for Business and Social Impact at the Haas School of Business and the chair of the Board of Trustees of the Blum Center for Developing EconomiesWe are very grateful to Milorad Kovacevic, Chief Statistician of the Human Development Report Office at the UNDP for his support on updating the Report’s estimated earned income calculation and to Yasmina Bekhouche, Paulina Padilla Ugarte, Valerie Peyre, Pearl Samandari, Caroline Staffell, Aditi Trehan, and Susan Wilkinson at the World Economic Forum.A special thank you to Michael Fisher for his excellent copyediting work and Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic design and layout. We greatly appreciate, too, the outstanding work of design firms Accurat, which created the Report’s Country Profiles, and Graphéine, which created the cover.Thank you to Kamal Kimaoui and the World Economic Forum’s Publications team for their invaluable collaboration on the production of this Report.World Economic Forum91-93 route de la CapiteCH-1223 Cologny/GenevaSwitzerlandTel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744E-mail: contact@weforum.orgwww.weforum.org©2016 World Economic ForumAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.978-1-944835-05-7TERMS OF USE AND DISCLAIMERThe Global Gender Gap Report 2016 (herein: “Report”) presents information and data that were compiled and/or collected by the World Economic Forum (all information and data referred herein as “Data”). Data in this Report is subject to change without notice.The terms country and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The term covers well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis.Although the World Economic Forum takes every reasonable step to ensure that the Data thus compiled and/or collected is accurately reflected in this Report, the World Economic Forum, its agents, officers, and employees: (i) provide the Data “as is, as available” and without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement; (ii) make no representations, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the Data contained in this Report or its suitability for any particular purpose; (iii) accept no liability for any use of the said Data or reliance placed on it, in particular, for any interpretation, decisions, or actions based on the Data in this Report.Other parties may have ownership interests in some of the Data contained in this Report. The World Economic Forum in no way represents or warrants that it owns or controls all rights in all Data, and the World Economic Forum will not be liable to users for any claims brought against users by third parties in connection with their use of any Data.The World Economic Forum, its agents, officers, and employees do not endorse or in any respect warrant any third-party products or services by virtue of any Data, material, or content referred to or included in this Report.Users shall not infringe upon the integrity of the Data and in particular shall refrain from any act of alteration of the Data that intentionally affects its nature or accuracy. If the Data is materially transformed by the user, this must be stated explicitly along with the required source citation.For Data compiled by parties other than the World Economic Forum, users must refer to these parties’ terms of use, in particular concerning the attribution, distribution, and reproduction of the Data.When Data for which the World Economic Forum is the source (herein “World Economic Forum”) is distributed or reproduced, it must appear accurately and be attributed to the World Economic Forum. This source attribution requirement is attached to any use of Data, whether obtained directly from the World Economic Forum or from a user.Users who make World Economic Fo