Global Gender Gap Report 2014

The Global Gender Gap Report 2 0 14Insight Report Insight ReportThe GlobalGender Gap Report2 014 The Global Gender Gap Report 2014 is published by the World Economic Forum.AT THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUMProfessor Klaus SchwabFounder and Executive ChairmanEspen Barth EideManaging Director and Member of the Managing BoardSaadia ZahidiSenior Director, Gender Parity Programme, Human Capital and ConstituentsYasmina BekhoucheSenior Project Manager, Gender Parity ProgrammePaulina Padilla UgarteTeam Coordinator, Gender Parity and Civil SocietyJessica CamusAssociate Director, Gender Parity ProgrammePearl Massoudi SamandariSenior Manager, Gender Parity ProgrammeAT HARVARD UNIVERSITYProfessor Ricardo HausmannDirector, Center for International DevelopmentAT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEYProfessor Laura D. TysonS.K. and Angela Chan Professor of Global Management, Haas School of BusinessWe are very grateful for the support of Valentina Stoevska at the ILO; Amélie Gagnon, Pascale Ratovondrahona and Chiao-Ling Chien at UNESCO; Kareen Jabre at the IPU; Ann-Beth Moller, Doris Chou, Retno Wahyu Mahanani and Jessica Chi Ying Ho at the WHO; and Yashaswini Singh at the World Economic Forum. A special thank you to Michael Fisher for his excellent copyediting work and Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic design and layout. Thank you to Kamal Kimaoui and the World Economic Forum’s Publications team for their invaluable collaboration on the production of this report. The terms country and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The term covers well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basisWorld Economic Forum91-93 route de la CapiteCH-1223 Cologny/GenevaSwitzerlandTel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744E-mail: contact@weforum.orgwww.weforum.org© 2014 World Economic ForumAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.ISBN 92-95044-38-XISBN 978-92-95044-38-8 The Global Gender Gap Report 2014 | iii v Preface Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum PART 1: THE GLOBAL GENDER GAP AND ITS IMPLICATIONS3 The Global Gender Gap Index 2014 Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University, Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley, Yasmina Bekhouche, World Economic Forum and Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum51 Appendix A: Regional and Income Group Classifications, 2014 53 Appendix B: Tracking the Gender Gap over Time 59 Appendix C: The Case for Gender Equality 61 Appendix D: Spread of Minimum and Maximum Values by Indicator, 201463 Appendix E: Rankings by Indicator, 201479 Appendix F: Detailed Results of National Policy Frameworks Survey PART 2: COUNTRY PROFILES83 List of Countries85 User’s Guide: How Country Profiles Work Yasmina Bekhouche and Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum94 Country Profiles378 Contributors381 AcknowledgementsContents The Global Gender Gap Report 2014 | v People and their talents are two of the core drivers of sustainable, long-term economic growth. If half of these talents are underdeveloped or underutilized, the economy will never grow as it could. Multiple studies have shown that healthy and educated women are more likely to have healthier and more educated children, creating a positive, virtuous cycle for the broader population. Research also shows the benefits of gender equality in politics: when women are more involved in decision-making, they make different decisions—not necessarily better or worse—but decisions that reflect the needs of more members of society.Some of the most compelling findings regarding the benefits of gender equality are emerging from companies. For example, companies that include more women at the top levels of leadership tend to outperform those that don’t. With a growing female talent pool coming out of schools and universities, and with more consumer power in the hands of women, companies who fail to recruit and retain women—and ensure they have a pathway to leadership positions—undermine their long-term competitiveness. And for those that do, the benefits of diversity are evident.But these benefits go beyond the economic case. There is another simple and powerful reason why more women should be empowered: fairness. Women represent one half of the global population—they deserve equal access to health, education, influence, earning power and political representation. Their views and values are critical for ensuring a more prosperous and inclusive common future. Humanity’s collective progress depends on it.Through the Global Gender Gap Report, the World Economic Forum quantifies the magnitude of gender-based disparities and tracks their progress over time. While