接收机频谱标准第1阶段现有标准研究综述

RECEIVER SPECTRUM STANDARDSPhase 1 - Summary of Research into Existing Standards Bernard Joiner U.S. Department of CommerceDonald Evans, SecretaryMichael D Gallagher, Acting Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information NOVEMBER 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARYivGLOSSARYviSection 1 INTRODUCTION11.1Background11.2Objectives31.3Approach3Section 2 TECHNICAL BACKGROUND4Section 3 FEDERAL AGENCY STANDARDS73.1National Telecommunications And Information Administration (NTIA)73.2Federal Communications Commission (FCC)113.3Department Of Defense (DOD)123.4Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)133.5Department Of Agriculture14Section 4 U.S. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS174.1Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)174.2Consumer Electronics Association (CEA)184.3Radio Technical Commission For Aeronautics (RTCA)194.4Radio Technical Commission For Maritime Services (RTCM)24Section 5 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS265.1International Telecommunications Union (ITU)265.2International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)285.3European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI)295.4International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)315.5International Maritime Organization (IMO)33Section 6 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS35Section 7 OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PHASE 2 STUDY367.1Observations367.2Recommendations for Future Study39 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As part of the overall spectrum management process, the National Telecommunicationsand Information Administration (NTIA) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)have developed radio regulations to help ensure that the various radio services operatecompatibly in the same environment without unacceptable levels of radio frequency interference.These regulations generally focus on sharing spectrum and the interfering potential oftransmitters. Less attention has been given to the regulation of receiver parameters and theassociated non-cochannel interference issues. In recent years, there have been a growing number of cases of non-cochannel interferencethat has been caused by inadequate performance of receivers instead of by transmitterperformance. One element in the prevention of non-cochannel interference is the design and useof quality receivers that are less susceptible to interference. Receivers are often vulnerable tointerference from non-cochannel signals because of inadequate selectivity. This has resulted incomplaints of interference, sometimes requiring legitimate transmitting stations to cease or limittheir operation even when a poor performing receiver is mainly at fault. In addition tointerference problems, the lack of receiver standards has hindered efficient management of thespectrum by putting restraints on adjacent channel assignments in many areas. The objective of this task is to undertake a broad review of receiver spectrum standards tocharacterize their status and to explore needs and options for promoting the use of moreinterference-robust receivers. The first phase includes the identification of existing standards,both mandatory and voluntary. This report presents the results of this first phase. The secondphase will examine the underlying requirements, assess trade-offs among potential regulatoryapproaches and develop appropriate recommendations. With the exception of certain television services, the FCC has not published receiverspectrum standards and has allowed the marketplace to determine the appropriate receiverspecifications. Realizing that poorly designed receivers can cause interference and limit thenumber and type of transmitters that can operate within a given environment, the FCC is nowconsidering the adoption of receiver standards. On March 13, 2003, the FCC adopted a Noticeof Inquiry (NOI) to this effect. The NOI requests,inter alia, comments on standards that couldbe mandatory or voluntary. NTIA, on the other hand, has receiver spectrum standards for most Federal users of theradio spectrum. NTIA has taken the approach that, for Federal users, the performance of boththe transmitter and the receiver should be regulated. This approach to management of the radiospectrum emphasizes prevention of interference and improved spectrum management. Federalagencies generally comply with the NTIA standards, with some agencies implementing evenstricter standards. Industry associations and standards setting bodies have published receiver spectrumstandards for some radio services. Many manufacturers adhere to these standards in the interest of providing systems that perform adequately in adverse operational environments. However,few standards exist for many non-Federal services and frequency bands. Many foreign countries have implemented receiver spectrum standards. Usually, ratherthan developing standards themselves, they adopt standards issued by the various internationalindustry and inter-governmental associations. The second phase of this study and follow-up work will include an examination of theneed for standards, working with the FCC to esta