金融犯罪风险控制：船舶检查指南

Copyright © 2026 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) ICC holds all copyright and other intellectual property rights in this collective work, andencourages its reproduction and dissemination subject to the following: •ICC must be cited as the source and copyright holder mentioning the title of the document,© International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), and the publication year.•Express written permission must be obtained for any modification,adaptationor translation,for any commercial use, and for use in any manner that implies that anotherorganisationor person is the source of, or is associated with, the work.•The work may not be reproduced or made available on websites except through a link tothe relevant ICC web page (not to the document itself). Permission can be requested fromICC throughipmanagement@iccwbo.org. Table of Contents Table of Contents......................................................................................................................................... 3Executive summary...................................................................................................................................... 41.Introduction and background.......................................................................................................... 42.Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 53.Regulatory requirements and guidance....................................................................................... 64.Challenges associated with vessel checking for financial institutions ............................... 75.Approaches to vessel checking....................................................................................................... 96.Recommendations and best practices........................................................................................ 117.Conclusions...........................................................................................................................................12Bibliographical referencing ......................................................................................................................13 Executive summary As sanctions regimes expand and deceptive shipping practices become more sophisticated,financial institutions (FIs) face growing challenges in identifying financial crime risks linked toocean-borne trade. Yet despite increasing regulatory scrutiny and technological advances,detecting illicit activity within global shipping networks remains a complex and resource-intensivetask. This guide supports FIs involved in trade finance by helping them identify and manage financialcrime risks associated with maritime shipments. It is intended for trade finance, compliance,sanctions and operations professionals. Trade finance transactions can provide FIs with access to shipping documents and otherinformation that may help detect sanctions evasion, fraud, trade-based money launderingand other illicit activity. At the same time, regulatory expectations regarding vessel screeningand maritime risk controls continue to evolve. While vessel checking can be an effective financial crime control, many shipping risks are difficultto identify through standard trade documentation alone. Financial institutions must thereforebalance regulatory expectations with practical, risk-based implementation. This guide promotes a pragmatic and risk-based approach to vessel checking, including: •Prioritising enhanced checks for higher-risk transactions, commodities and jurisdictions.•Leveraging technology and external maritime data where appropriate.•Improving industry standardisation, including wider use of International Maritime Organization(IMO) numbers on bills of lading.•Strengthening information-sharing between banks, regulators, law enforcement and maritimestakeholders. Addressing maritime financial crime risks requires collaboration across the public and privatesectors. ICC encourages financial institutions and industry stakeholders to work together toenhance risk controls, improve data quality and promote more consistent vessel-checkingpractices across the trade ecosystem. 1.Introduction and background FIs processing trade finance transactions are sometimes privy to additional pertinent information,such as shipping documentation, that can help them detect potential financial crime risks. Vessel screening, shipment and document verification controls are useful to mitigate multipleaspects of financial crime. a)Illicit flows of funds or value disguised as a genuine trade transaction may be linked to a trade-based money laundering (TBML) or terrorist financing scheme. Illicit activities may be detectedwhen verification suggests that either details such as the amount/type of cargo or the shipperor receiver of the goods, or document issuer differ from the reported details or a shipment didnot occur at