促进增长和创新数字经济

U.S. Department of Commerce Message from SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PENNY PRITZKER Over the past seven years, we have witnessed unprecedented growth of the digital economy. TheInternet has quickly become the place where people all over the world share ideas, learn new skills,and gain access to the storehouse of human knowledge. Digitization has become the means bywhich businesses increase productivity and spur innovation. That is why the U.S. Department ofCommerce has made digital economy policy a top priority, working to empower U.S. businessesand the American people with the tools, education, and resources necessary to reap the countlessbenefits of digital technologies and services. Enabling Growth and Innovation in the Digital Economyis a chronicle of the CommerceDepartment’s efforts in support of the digital economy over the course of the ObamaAdministration. It describes not onlywhatthe Department has achieved over the last seven years,but alsowhyit has pursued the policies and programs it has. The report articulates the Departmentof Commerce’s philosophy for digital economy policymaking and demonstrates the many ways inwhich the Department has pursued its policy agenda consistent with that philosophy. The Department of Commerce is proud of what it and its nearly 47,000 employees have been ableto contribute to the digital economy over the past seven years. It has been my honor and pleasureto lead an organization committed to values and principles that are so essential to the developmentof a vibrant, dynamic, and innovative digital economy for all. Penny PritzkerU.S. Secretary of Commerce TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 I. The Free and Open Internet Ensuring the Global Free Flow of Information Online. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Advancing the Multistakeholder Approach in Global Internet Governance. . . . . . .10Privatizing the Management of the Domain Name System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 II. Trust and Security Online Strengthening Consumer Privacy Protections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Supporting Security in the Digital Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 III. Innovation and Emerging Technologies Protecting Intellectual Property for Creators, Consumers and Innovators. . . . . . .27Facilitating Open Data and Standards for Interoperability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 IV. Access and Skills Supporting Internet Access and Adoption across America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Looking Ahead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 INTRODUCTION The rise of the digital economy has fundamentally transformed the economic and social life ofthe United States and the world. Digital technologies have quickly become a key driver of jobs,business creation, and innovation. Today, economic growth and competitiveness increasinglydepend upon a nation’s ability to harness the transformative opportunities of the Internet,computers, and data. In the United States, the digital economy has had a staggering impact on jobs and growth. In 2014alone, the U.S. exported roughly $400 billion in ICT-enabled deliverable services, which accountedfor more than half of U.S. services exports.1 The digital economy has increased total U.S. realGDP by more than a percentage point annually and has added millions of new jobs.2 Virtually allindustry sectors, from manufacturing to financial services, education, agriculture and health care,have benefited from the adoption of digital technologies, applications, and services. This remarkable expansion of the digital economy in the U.S. did not happen by chance. On thecontrary, it is a direct result–first and foremost–of the ingenuity and inherent entrepreneurialspirit of the American people. The United States continually produces the most innovativecompanies, founded by the most creative minds in business and engineering. Yet the successof American entrepreneurship in the digital economy was not a foregone conclusion and did notoccur in a vacuum. Indeed, for the digital economy to thrive, governments, working in concert withother stakeholders, must create a legal, policy, and diplomatic environment conducive to creativity,competition, and investment. The U.S. Government’s approach to developing global Internet policy is reflected in theOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)Principles for Internet Policy-Making(OECD Principles).3 The OECD Principles support a flexible, multistakeholder approachto Internet policymaking and strengthen international cooperation. They are the end result of a U.S.-initiated process at the OECD to establish guiding principles for the continued developmentof a vibrant and prosperous Internet for member states, and