印度国际经济关系研究理事会

STITCHING INDIA’S APPAREL EXPORT STRATEGYLESSONS FROM CHINA, BANGLADESH AND VIETNAM Authors 1.SULAKSHANARAO,Senior Fellow,Indian Council for Research onInternational Economic Relations, New Delhi2.AYUSHIGUPTA,Research Associate,Indian Council for Research onInternational Economic Relations, New Delhi3.RIYAJAIN,Research Assistant,Indian Council for Research onInternational Economic Relations, New Delhi4.ASHOK GULATI, Distinguished Professor, Indian Council for Research onInternational Economic Relations, New Delhi Published by:IndianCouncil for Research on International Economic Relations(ICRIER),Core-6A, 4th Floor, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi–110003 ISBN:9788199889354 © 2026: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this report shall be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder(s)and/orpublishers. Photographs in this report: All photographs have been digitallyprocured by ICRIER, with permission from commercial websites selling photographs,official field trips and by courtesy of respective organizations and individuals for thepurposeof publishing this report. Disclaimer: Opinions andrecommendations in the report are exclusively of the author(s) andnot of any other individual or institution including ICRIER. This report has been prepared ingood faith on the basis of information available as on the date of publication. All interactionsand transactions with industry sponsors and their representatives have been transparent andconducted in an open, honest and independent manner as enshrined in ICRIER Memorandumof Association. ICRIER does not accept any corporate funding that comes witha mandatedresearch area that is not in line with ICRIER's research agenda. The corporate funding of anICRIER activity does not, in any way, imply ICRIER's endorsement of the views of thesponsoring organisation or its products or policies. ICRIER does not conduct research that isfocused on any specific product or service provided by the corporate sponsor. Table of Contents Foreword.....................................................................................................................iiPreface.........................................................................................................................ivExecutive Summary.....................................................................................................viAcknowledgement......................................................................................................xiiAbbreviations............................................................................................................xiv 1Introduction..............................................................................................1 1.1Apparel Exports as an Engine of Growth....................................................21.2Emerging Global Pressures........................................................................31.3Global Competitor Dynamics.....................................................................31.4India’s Apparel Sector in Global Trade.......................................................51.5Rationale and Objective of the Study..........................................................6 2China’s Textile and Apparel Industry–A Globally Integrated Model........10 2.1Introduction.............................................................................................102.2China’s Export Trends and Global Alignment...........................................112.3Transformation of China’s Textile and Apparel Industry...........................172.4China's T&A Sector: Pillars of Competitiveness........................................192.5Lessons for India......................................................................................28 References.................................................................................................................31 3Bangladesh’s Ready-Made Garment Industry and Its Export-Led Growth.36 Ayushi Gupta and Ashok Gulati 3.1Introduction.............................................................................................363.2Evolution of the RMG Sector....................................................................383.3Export Analysis and Global Alignment.....................................................393.4Scale of Bangladesh’s Garment Industry..................................................433.5Policy Framework for Supporting the Industry.........................................47 3.6Conclusion and Lessons for India.............................................................55References.................................................................................................................58 4Made in Vietnam: From Market Access to Market Dominance.