塔什干乌兹别克斯坦固体废物管理转型：卫生填埋设计与未来路径

KEY POINTS Transforming Waste Managementin Tashkent, Uzbekistan: SanitaryLandfill Design and Future Pathways •The ADB-financedsanitary landfill in Tashkentdemonstrates how aclimate-adapted landfilldesign can extend disposalcapacity and support atransition toward sustainablesolid waste management inUzbekistan. Commissionedin May 2025, it is CentralAsia’s first internationallyengineered sanitarylandfill. Weiqun DongSenior EngineerCUCD Xijie LuUrban Development SpecialistWater and Urban DevelopmentSector OfficeSectors Department 2 (SD2)Asian Development Bank (ADB) Hardy WongWaste Management ConsultantWater and Urban DevelopmentSector Office, SD2, ADB •The landfill applies anaerobicbioreactor technology,whereby leachate is collectedin a tank during the rainyseason and recirculated intothe landfill during the dryseason to enhance moisturecontrol and accelerate wastedegradation, while reducingleachate volumes andtreatment costs. Yuwei XueSenior EngineerChina Urban Construction Design andResearch Institute Co., Ltd. (CUCD) BACKGROUND •The design introduces aninnovative approach thatpartitions the reservoirinto three cells to enablephased landfill operation andmanagement, maximizingexisting capacity andaccommodating risingdemand. Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in Uzbekistan has historically relied onrudimentary (truck-and-dump) systems, where basic collection trucks transportwaste to open, unregulated, or poorly managed landfills. The predominance of theserudimentary systems has meant persistently low collection coverage, causing mosthouseholds even in urban areas to self-dump their waste in scattered locations. In ruralareas, waste is rarely collected or not collected at all. This situation has created risks to public health, local ecosystems, and the environment.In response, the Government of Uzbekistan has developed and implemented a nationalstrategy to expand collection coverage; maximize waste reduction, segregation, reuse,and recycling; and promote new technologies and financing mechanisms in solid wastemanagement (SWM).1 •The brief presents policyrecommendations to supportUzbekistan’s transition tosustainable solid wastemanagement. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars. ADB recognizes “China” as thePeople’s Republic of China. This publication was peer-reviewed by Francois J. M. Jenny, senior urbandevelopment specialist (Waste Management), ADB. 1CIS Legislation.Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan About the Approval ofthe Strategy on the Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste in Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019–2028(unofficial English translation). ISBN 978-92-9277-861-3 (print)ISBN 978-92-9277-862-0 (PDF)ISSN 2071-7202 (print)ISSN 2218-2675 (PDF)Publication Stock No. BRF260279DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/BRF260279 ADB BRIEFS NO. 396 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) supported the formulationand implementation of this strategy, beginning with a $69 millionloan. This financing enabled the provision of policy guidance,technical expertise, and global best practices, as well as theestablishment of a sanitary landfill and the improvement of wastemanagement infrastructure in Tashkent.2 The ADB-financed landfill in Tashkent represents Uzbekistan’sfirst application of international standards for sanitary landfilldesign, construction, operation, maintenance, and environmentalpollution control. Commissioned in 2025, it is also Central Asia’sfirst sanitary landfill built to international standards. The landfillincorporates anaerobic bioreactor technology and integratessustainability principles into its design and operation, hence it hasthe potential to advance Tashkent’s transition to sustainable SWM. This technical brief identifies key areas in the policy and regulatoryframework and waste management infrastructure that requirefurther strengthening and provides recommendations to addressthem. It aims to support continued policy dialogue and financingcollaboration between ADB and the Government of Uzbekistan,building on the progress made while offering practical guidance intransitioning from open dumping to sanitary landfilling as a criticalfirst step toward integrated SWM. THE LANDFILL IN FOCUS The operating road was extended to the landfill base on thewest and east sides of the ring road. Drainage channels wereconstructed along the ring road to reduce surface runoff enteringthe landfill. The sanitary landfill is located in Akhangaran District, about30 kilometers (km) southeast of Tashkent City. It occupies anarea of 30.91 hectares (ha), of which 24.62 ha comprises thelandfill reservoir. The reservoir refers to the engineered landfillbasin or main waste disposal area where solid waste is placed andmanaged in designated cells. The rest of the landfill area holds theoperational infrastructure and supporting facilities, including anoperating road, a ring road, runoff drainage channels, a weighbridge,and a management area. For the cell lining, the landf