将性别平等和社会包容的视角应用于跨界水环境（英）

A. INTRODUCTION Exclusioncan also trigger social tensionswhichcan result in violence and conflictleadingto further long-term social andeconomic costs.² At the individual level, theeconomiccosts of social exclusion arefrequently measured by wage loss, lifetime CIWA LEARNING NOTESopportunities for all people today and tomorrow.In the past, the emphasis was on economicsustainability,and then on environmentalsustainability,with increasing concerns overclimate change and biodiversity loss. But with agrowing awareness of the challenges of fragility,persistent inequality, and racial discrimination, Who is excluded, why they are excluded andthe commensurate impacts of the exclusionisheavily influenced by context and cantherefore manifest differently at the local,national,regional or institutional level.Exclusion can be connected to a diversity ofissues ranging from discriminatory legal orinstitutional systems and structures, lack ofaccesstolandorotherresources,discrimination in labour markets as well as Awareness is increasing of how different aspects ofmenand women’s identities intersect to confervulnerability or influence their advantages (or lack of)in life. Disadvantaged groups can be discriminatedagainston the basis of a number of differentidentities ranging from ethnicity, race, religion, sexualorientation, caste, descent, gender, age, disability, HIVstatus,migrant status,or where they live. This type of analysis can also uncover differences between andamong women and men, based on the unequal distribution ofresources,opportunities,constraints,and power whileensuring that the different needs of women and men from adiversity of groups or identities are clearly identified andaddressed at all stages of the project cycle. The World Bankhas developed the Social Inclusion Assessment Tool which is afour-questionmethodology to help policy makers and The Cooperation in International Waters in Africa(CIWA) is a World Bank program that supports ripariangovernments in Sub-Saharan Africa to fuel sustainable,inclusive,climate-resilient growth by addressingconstraintstocooperativemanagementanddevelopment of transboundary waters. The WorldBank positions social inclusion as creating opportunitiesfor all people and addressing deep-rooted systemicinequalities.⁴ In keeping with the Bank’s approach tosocial inclusion, CIWA is committed to undertaking aGender and Social Inclusion (GESI) analysis as part ofthe development and implementation of all of theprojects and programs that it funds. In particular, CIWArecognizesthe importance of determining at the Young girl using a standpipe. ©himarkley/ iStock II. Conducting Stakeholder Mapping and Engagement toIdentify Excluded Groups Theobjectiveof this Learning Note is to highlightsome key lessons learned and best practices related tothe integration of a social inclusion perspective intoCIWA’s work. This approach involves a more in-depthdisaggregation of male and female target audiences toidentify and determine actions that should be taken in A critical dimension when undertaking any GESI analysis isthe need to conduct a stakeholder mapping to identify whichdisadvantaged groups should be considered because of theirpotential to have a positive or negative impact on achievingthe objectives of the project or program. Once possiblestakeholders have been identified who can shed light on thesituation for disadvantaged groups, stakeholder engagementis the next step. Targeted interviews can be conducted withindividuals and groups representing civil society, government,the private sector and other stakeholder organizations togather information on specific disadvantaged groups. Wherepossible and appropriate, conducting community dialoguesthrough the use of participatory methodologies can further B. KEY STEPS I.Conducting a Gender and Social InclusionAnalysis or Assessment A comprehensive Gender and Social Inclusion analysisprovides information that recognizes how genderintersects with race, ethnicity, culture, class, age,disability and/or other social identities while helping tounderstandthe different forms of involvement, The mapping focused on stakeholders who wereconnected directly and indirectly to the use of waterand who would have knowledge about the situationof specific vulnerable groups who needed to accesswaterfrom the Great Lakes region includingchallengesthey may face.Qualitative interviewguides were developed to enable team members to The early identification of the stakeholders involved in thegroundwater space in the Horn’s borderlands, will contributeto the development objectives of the Untapping Resilience:Groundwater Management and Learning in the Horn of III. Collect Qualitative and Quantitative Data Overall, it is important to collect relevant qualitative andquantitative data that can capture sources of genderinequality and social exclusion within a given context.Researchshouldthereforeseektomainstreamintersectional gender approaches in data collection and TheS