中国新能源汽车发展经验及新能源公交车发展路径

LIU Xiaoshi, China EV100January, 2026 新能源汽车产业情况NEVIndustryOverview 目录c o n t e n t s 新能源汽车发展经验NEVDevelopment Experience 新能源公交车发展路径Development Path of New Energy Bus 中国新能源汽车市场已进入规模化发展阶段China's NEV Market Has Entered Large-Scale Development Stage •市场层面：中国新能源汽车产业已经从培育期进入成熟期，多元技术路线蓬勃发展，产业与技术持续进步。•2024年，中国新能源汽车销量首次突破千万辆，达到1286.6万辆，同比增长35.5%。•2025年1-11月，新能源汽车销量为1478.0万辆，同比增长31.2%，新能源汽车新车销量达到汽车新车总销量的47.5%。•Market: China's NEV industry has transitioned from the cultivation phase to the maturity phase, with multiple technology routesflourishing andcontinuous industrial and technological progress.•In 2024, NEV sales in China surpassed 10 million for the first time, reaching 12.866 million units, up 35.5% year-on-year.•From January toNovember2025, sales reached14.78million units, up31.2%year-on-year.NEVaccounted for 47.5% of the total sales of new cars. 中国新能源汽车市场已进入规模化发展阶段China's NEV Market Has Entered Large-Scale Development Stage •产业层面：构建了全球最完整的产业链。中国已经构建了涵盖关键材料、动力电池、电机电控、整车、充电设施、及回收利用等在内的、全球最完整的新能源汽车产业链。•Industry: China has built the world’s most complete NEV industry chain, covering key materials, power batteries, electric motorsand controllers, wholevehicle manufacturing, charging infrastructure, and recycling. •以智能驾驶为代表的汽车智能化功能快速发展，2024年中国乘用车市场L2级辅助驾驶的渗透率已经达到了57.3%，预计2030年将达到80%。激光雷达新型感知零部件及智能座舱开始规模化应用。•Intelligent driving features, such as L2 assisted driving, are •2024年全球动力电池规模前十的企业中有六家为中国企业；•Six of the world’s top tenpower battery companies in2024 are Chinese. developing rapidly. In 2024, L2 penetration in Chinesepassenger cars reached approximately 57.3%, projected tohit 80% by 2030. LiDAR and intelligent cockpits havebegun large-scale deployment. •中国动力电池企业总体市占率持续攀升，达到67.1%。 •Chinese battery companies’global market share continuesto rise, reaching 67.1%. 新能源汽车产业情况NEVIndustryOverview 目录c o n t e n t s 二新能源汽车发展经验NEVDevelopment Experience 新能源公交车发展路径Development Path of New Energy Bus 多条技术路线并行 Pursued Multiple Technology Routes in Parallel 新能源汽车“三纵三横”发展战略”Three vertical and three horizontal "Strategy 创新链与产业链两链协同Coordination of Industry Chain and Innovation Chain 选择了最适合产业化的技术，把技术和产业化的关系做了很好的衔接。Themostsuitabletechnologiesforindustrializationwereselected,ensuring 市场与国家战略相结合，选择纯电路线，也没有放弃其他技术路线。Byaligningmarkettrendswithnationalstrategy,Chinaprioritizedtheelectric smoothalignmentbetweenR&Dandproduction.实现了创新链与产业链两链协同，形成了完备的创新链和完整的产业链。 technologypathwaywithoutabandoningothertechnologypaths.避免了对混动技术依赖的风险；没有急于推动燃料电池产业化，避免拔苗助长。Chinaavoidedover-relianceonhybridtechnologiesanddidnotrushfuelcellcommercialization.选准赛道，及时推动纯电产业化发展，实现了全球领先。BychoosingtherightpathandadvancingBEVindustrializationtimely. Collaborationbetween the innovation chain and industry chain led to both comprehensiveinnovationandcompleteindustrialsystems. •中国正大力推动可再生能源发展，新能源汽车同新型电力系统成为最佳搭配。•China is actively advancing renewable energy; NEVs and the new power system form an optimal combination. 新能源汽车与能源协同互动潜力巨大The potential for NEV-energy synergy is enormous. 模式探索与试点示范成效逐步显现Model exploration and pilot demonstration effect gradually appeared 北京中再中心V2G示范项目是中国内首个实现V2G商业化应用的项目。用户接受电网调度参与放电，除抵消在家充电的成本外额外获得V2G放电净收益可达约1300元/年。Beijing’s China Reinsurance V2G 新能源汽车与电网（V2G） 海量充换电站、私人桩Massive chargingpower station andprivate pile 新能源汽车规模快速增长The scale of new energy vehicles has grown rapidly pilot was the first commercialized V2Gproject in China. Users earned ~RMB1,300/year after offsetting homecharging costs. 海南保亭服务区“光储充”一体化试点，通过协同调度、智能相应、快速充电，降低变压器容量约40%，提升光伏发电自消纳比例约50%，降低充电成本约20%。Hainan Baoting “PV-storage- 预计2040年中国超3亿辆纯电动汽车的车载储能容量(单车65kWh)超过200亿kWh，相当于当前中国社会日消费的总电量；功率支撑能力达约30亿kW，约为当年全国电网非化石能源装机总量的一半。By2040,China’s300+million BEVsare projected to have over200 charging” pilot reduced transformercapacity by ~40%, increasedphotovoltaic self-consumption by ~50%,and lowered charging costs by ~20%through coordinated dispatch and smartresponse. billionkWh of onboard storage(65kWh/vehicle),equivalent to thecountry’sdailyelectricityconsumption.Theirpoweroutputpotential(~3billionkW)wouldequalhalfofthenon-fossilinstalledcapacity. 以试点示范加速创新成果落地Accelerating Innovation Deployment via Pilot Demonstrations •除了汽车电动化外，智能化成为当前发展的又一重点。单车智能技术与车路云一体化通过试点示范快速迭代。•Intelligentization has become another focus. Vehicle intelligence and V2X integration are rapidly iterated through pilots. L2：辅助驾驶和智能泊车加速普及，逐步成为标配L2: Assisted driving and smart parking are rapidly being adopted and becoming 车路云一体化逐步向车端标配/、全城打通阶段发展Vehicle-road-cloud integration is evolving toward default vehicle features and standard. citywide deployment •2024年中国乘用车市场L2级辅助驾驶的渗透率已经达到57.3%，辅助驾驶进入加速渗透期L2 and above penetration reached 57.3% in 2024, entering an accelerated phase. 试点区域：向全城打通升级Pilot area: Upgrade to the whole city •区域开放：重庆、武汉、天津、深圳、杭州等10余个城市Cities like Chongqing, Wuhan, Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Hangzhou have opened pilot zones.•单城打通：无锡、淄博等Cities like Wuxi and Zibo have achieved full integration. 试点城市：智慧/定制公交效率显著提升Smart/customized buses in pilot cities improvedefficiency