Advancing electric sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF) to help Indian Airlines decarbonize

As a federally owned enterprise, GIZ supports the German Government in achieving its objectives in the field of internationalcooperation forsustainable development. Publishedby: Deutsche Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Registered officesBonn and Eschborn, Germany Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 32 + 3653113 Bonn, DeutschlandT+49 228 44 60-0F+49 228 44 60-17 66 Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1-565760 Eschborn, DeutschlandT+49 61 96 79-0F+49 61 96 79-11 15 Einfo@giz.deIwww.giz.de Authors:Santanu Gupta,Ph.D,SAF Association Rohit Kumar, SAF AssociationAyushi Gaur, SAF AssociationVineeta Mehra,SAF AssociationSruthy Jacob,SAF Association Reviewers:TorstenSchwab,InternationalPtXHub,GIZ Kumar Abhishek, GIZKaran Arora, GIZUjjval Bhatt, KBC List of Tables..............................................................................................................................................................4 Glossary......................................................................................................................................................................5 About Indo-German Energy Forum (IGEF).................................................................................................................................6About SAF Association.................................................................................................................................................................6 Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................................7 1.1Aviation as an Enabler of Economic Growth, Trade, and Connectivity...............................................................................81.2The dual reality: rapid aviation growth vs. rising carbon footprint......................................................................................9 2SAF and the Global Context.............................................................................................................................10 2.1Global SAF Landscape: Trends, Adoption, and Impact.....................................................................................................102.2Bio-SAF vs. e-SAF: Pathways, Potential, and Trade-offs....................................................................................................112.3Global Policy Spotlight......................................................................................................................................................12 3India’s Policy, Institutional, and Market Landscape for e-SAF........................................................................14 3.1National climate commitments and aviation sector emissions..........................................................................................143.2Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen Readiness.........................................................................................................153.3Gaps in India’s e-SAF Ecosystem......................................................................................................................................163.4Enablers for Advancing e-SAF in India.............................................................................................................................17 4The e-SAF Value Chain in India.......................................................................................................................21 5Framework for Capacity Building with Global Partners...................................................................................24 6Stakeholder-Driven Roadmap for e-SAF Adoption in India.............................................................................25 6.1Short Term (2025–2027): Building the Foundation............................................................................................................256.2Medium Term (2027–2030): Scaling and Integration.........................................................................................................26 7Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................28 List ofFigures Figure 1: India’s Aviation Sector: A Growth Engine for the Nation...........................................................................8Figure 2: Carbon Lifecycle of Fossil Jet Fuel..............................................................................................................9Figure 3: Decarbonisation levers for aviation sector across 2050 net-zero roadmaps.................................................9Figure 4: Estimated global SAF production potential, forecast...............................................................................11 List ofTables Table 1–Bio-SAF vs E-SAF..................................................................................