2026从科研到应用的成果转化：美国及全球科学、技术与创新产出报告
NSB-2026-2|May 01, 2026 Table Of Contents Executive Summary Economic Impact of Science and Engineering Activities5Innovation Commercialization and Technology Transfer5Global Innovation and Patent Landscapes5Global Market Dynamics and Investment Patterns6 Productivity Impacts and General-Purpose Technologies8Artificial Intelligence as a GPT9 Acknowledgments and Citation87 Acknowledgments87Citation87 Measuring Short- and Long-Term Impacts of S&E Activity12Intellectual Property Measures in Context38Global Contributions and Collaborations in Open-Source Software42Comparing Innovation across Countries48 List of Tables TRN-1"Translation" thematic report indicators and their sources11TRN-2U.S. federal agencies cited in the funding acknowledgement section of S&E articles, by citation frequency: 2002–2215TRN-3U.S. federal agency activity in granted patents, S&E articles, and articles cited by patents, by inventor's or author'saffiliated agency: 2013–2416TRN-4Top cited organizations at USPTO, according to the share of patents in top 1% most cited: 202122TRN-5Top venture capital–funded firms headquartered in the United States: 202456TRN-6Global KTI industries, by value added and share of global GDP: 2018–2460 List of Figures TRN-16Highly cited patents granted in semiconductors, by selected country or economy: 2010 and 202132TRN-17Priority patent families granted in quantum information science and technology, by selected country or economy:2010–2433TRN-18Utility patents granted in quantum information science and technology, by selected country or economy: 202434TRN-19Highly cited patents granted in quantum information science and technology, by selected country or economy: 2010and 202135TRN-20Priority patent families granted in advanced nuclear technologies, by selected country or economy: 2010–2436TRN-21Utility patents granted in advanced nuclear technologies, by selected country or economy: 202437TRN-22Highly cited patents granted in advanced nuclear technologies, by selected country or economy: 2010 and 202138TRN-23U.S.-registered USPTO trademarks, by business sector: 202441TRN-24Share of U.S. companies reporting product or business process innovation, by selected industry: 2020–2247TRN-25Annual economywide business startups: 2000–2350TRN-26Firms receiving Phase II SBIR or STTR awards: 2013–2451TRN-27Firms receiving Phase II SBIR or STTR awards, by awarding agency: 2013–2452TRN-28Venture capital investment received by firms headquartered in selected regions, countries, and economies: 2013–2453TRN-29Venture capital investment received by firms headquartered in the United States, by deal stage: 2003–2454TRN-30Firms headquartered in the United States receiving venture capital investment, by critical and emerging technologies:2013–2455TRN-31Industry share of U.S. total KTI value added, by selected industries: 2002–2458TRN-32Country share of global KTI manufacturing value added, by KTI industry: 202461TRN-33Country share of global KTI services value added for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2002–2462TRN-34Country share of global KTI manufacturing value added for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2002–2463TRN-35Country share of global KTI services value added, by KTI industry: 202464TRN-36Global share of value added for semiconductor manufacturing, by region, country, or economy: 2002–2465TRN-37Country share of global KTI manufacturing exports for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2002–2466TRN-38Gross exports of KTI manufacturing industries for selected regions, countries, or economies: 2002–2467TRN-39Industry composition of KTI manufacturing exports for selected regions, countries, or economies: 202468TRN-ANew GitHub repositories contributed by the United States and the rest of the world: 2009–2443TRN-BShare of new GitHub repositories, by region, country, or economy of contributor: 202444TRN-COpen-source software collaboration networks in GitHub, by region, country, or economy: 202446 Executive Summary Economic Impact of Science and Engineering Activities Science and engineering (S&E) activities continue to be strong drivers of economic growth in the United States and abroad,with research-intensive sectors demonstrating particularly strong performance across multiple measures of economicvalue creation. Total factor productivity (TFP) is a broad measure of the impact of S&E activities (beyond labor and capital) on economicgrowth. Between 2017 and 2024, TFP grew faster in the high-R&D information sector (13%) in the United States than inthe domestic nonfarm economy as a whole (8%).● Knowledge- and technology-intensive (KTI) industries (based on Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment measures of R&D intensity) worldwide produced $11.7 trillion of value added (net economic output) in 2024,in current dollars, a 4% increase from 2023. In the United States, KTI industries produced $3.3 trillion of value added in2024, accounting for 11% of U.S. gross domestic product.●
