塑料回收工艺与技术全景图

OF PLASTICS RECYCLING PROCESSES& TECHNOLOGIES DISCLAIMER This report by Plastics Recyclers Europe (PRE) is for informational purposesonly. PRE conducted this mapping exercise using the most robust and accurateinformation available, aiming to present the technologies and processesmost widely implemented in recycling facilities. Where relevant, emergingtechnologies are also included for their potential value in advancing plasticrecycling. While care was taken to ensure accuracy, PRE makes no guaranteesregarding completeness or suitability for specific uses and assumes no liabilityfor actions taken based on this report. For the most current data on productionvolumes and figures, please consult the PRE website and official publications.Reproduction or distribution without written permission is prohibited. 2025 Table of content LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS4EXECUTIVE SUMMARY5USER GUIDE6INTRODUCTION7 1. SORTING PROCESS14 Sorting ModulesSorting TechnologiesConclusion 151627 2. MECHANICAL RECYCLING PROCESS28 Mechanical Recycling Modules29Mechanical Recycling Technologies34Plastic Packaging35Rigid Polyolefins: HDPE and PP Rigid Stream35PO Films Stream37PET Bottles Stream40PET Trays Stream44PS Stream47Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and End of Life Vehicles (ELV)50PVC Stream54Rigid54Flexible56Conclusion57 3. DISSOLUTION RECYCLING PROCESS58 Context59Dissolution Recycling Modules62Dissolution Recycling Technologies68Conclusion73 4. CHEMICAL RECYCLING PROCESS74 Context75Chemical Recycling Modules77Chemical Recycling Technologies86Conclusion95 List of acronymsand abbreviations Executive Summary The report outlines the specific characteristicsof each recycling method. Mechanical recyclingremainsthe most established,using processeslikegrinding,washing,drying,and extrusionto produce recyclates in the form of pellets orflakes.Dissolution recycling employs solventsto dissolve polymers and remove contaminants,offeringhigh-purity recyclates,particularly forhard-to-recycleplastics.Chemicalrecycling,through techniques such as pyrolysis, gasification,and depolymerisation, enables the breakdown ofplastic waste at a molecular level to produce newraw materials from mixed and contaminated wastestreams. This report by Plastics Recyclers Europe (PRE)provides a comprehensive overview of the currentlandscape of plastic waste recycling technologiesand processes in Europe. It focuses and elaborateson three main recycling approaches: mechanical,dissolution, and chemical recycling, applied acrosskey plastics waste streams including Packaging,Electricaland Electronic Equipment(EEE),End-of-LifeVehicles(ELV),and Building andConstruction. Based on extensive interviews, data collection,site visits, and thorough analysis of patents andscientific literature, the report offers a detailedexamination of the entire recycling chain, fromwaste collection to sorting and recycling. It alsopresentsan analysis of market dynamics andwaste stream characteristics, along with a detailedassessment of sorting and recycling technologies. By providing a clear picture of current capabilities,challenges, and technological advancements, thisreport serves as a critical resource for stakeholdersaiming to strengthen Europe’s plastic recyclinginfrastructure and drive progress toward a circulareconomy for plastics. A central feature of the report is the evaluationof the implementation of recycling technologiesat industrial scale using a ‘traffic light’ system(see Box 1), categorising their level of industrialimplementation from emerging to widely adopted.The findings emphasise that the overall efficiencyofrecycling systems is closely linked to theeffectiveness of sorting and separation technologieswithin the recycling process, such as near-infrared(NIR) sorting, sink-float separation, windsifting,and AI-driven systems. User Guide of the main units usually present in mechanical,dissolution and chemical recycling processes. Finally,theRecycling Technologiessection will illustrate thespecific recycling technologies within each process(i.e., mechanical, dissolution and chemical)persingle stream. The specific recycling technologieswill follow the same identification as the ones for thesorting process, as described in Box 1. The report is organised into the following sections: - Introduction: an overview of the plastics andrecycled plastics markets will be given, followed byan overview of the leading plastics waste streamsand their characteristics. Market figures for bothmechanical, dissolution and chemical recycling arealso reported in this section. - Sorting process:firstly, theModulessection willprovide an overview of the three main units commonto each sorting process, specifically collection, sortingand size reduction. Then, theSorting Technologiessection will dive into the specific technologies withineach unit per single stream. The implementationlevel of specific sorting technologies (e.g., NIR forpackaging) follows the logic