了解皮肤美白产品的使用：行为数据收集工具包

A toolkit for behaviouraldata collection Understanding the useof skin lighteningproducts A toolkit for behaviouraldata collection Understanding the use of skin lightening products: a toolkit for behavioural data collectionISBN 978-92-4-012114-0 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-012115-7 (print version) © World Health Organization 2026Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, providedthe work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHOendorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adaptthe work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create atranslation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translationwas not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of thistranslation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rulesof the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation.Understanding the use of skin lightening products: a toolkit for behavioural data collection.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2026. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO.Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at https://iris.who.int/.Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see https://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables,figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtainpermission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-ownedcomponent in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city orarea or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on mapsrepresent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed orrecommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, thepublished material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility forthe interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising fromits use. This document was designed by Lowil Fred Espada. Contents Part A: Considerations for using the toolkit1 1.1How to use the toolkit11.2Detailed description of data collection tools in the toolkit31.3Who should use the toolkit?3 Part B: Introduction4 2.1Background42.2Adopting a behavioural approach to understanding skinlightening product practices6 Part C: The use of skin lightening products10 3.1Women’s journey through the use of skin lightening products103.2User journey map template123.3Discussion guide – qualitative tool123.4Survey questionnaire – quantitative tool15 Part D: Considerations for data collection aboutskin lightening behaviours in your country 4.1Sampling/selecting participants174.2Ethical considerations184.3Refining and pilot-testing204.4Data collection scenarios214.5Administration of the tools23 26 6. Dissemination of results28 References29 Bibliography31 35 Annex 3: Survey questionnaire – quantitative tool42 Introduction42Module A: Using skin lightening products43Module B: Motivations for using skin lightening products45Module C: Use of skin lightening products in family and peer networks47Module D: Obtaining skin lightening products49Module E: Knowledge and sources of information51Module F: Skin lightening product practices54Module G: Sociodemographics55Conclusion56 62 Acknowledgements WHO gratefully acknowledges the many individuals who contributed to the development of thistoolkit. WHO gratefully acknowled