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安第斯地区环境采矿遗产的管理：分析、挑战与经验教训

公用事业 2026-04-23 拉丁美洲经济委员会晓燚

Andean region faces significant challenges in managing environmental mining legacies, but progress is being made in recent years. Most countries in the region have developed regulatory frameworks to address these challenges, focusing on preventive measures such as environmental impact assessments and closure plans. However, corrective actions remain a growing concern, particularly for abandoned and orphaned mines.

Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru have implemented various instruments to manage environmental mining legacies, including environmental impact assessments, closure plans, financial guarantees, and corrective action plans. Notably, Colombia and Peru have specific laws on environmental legacies and remediation, while Germany and Canada have established comprehensive systems for managing contaminated sites and abandoned mines.

International approaches to environmental legacy management emphasize the importance of clear definitions, risk assessment systems, well-defined responsibilities, and adequate funding mechanisms. Financing mechanisms include public funding from tax revenues, public-private partnerships, international assistance, and private voluntary contributions.

The cases studied highlight the benefits of remediation, including reducing environmental risks, creating economic value, generating jobs, and improving social cohesion. Successful interventions often involve cooperative models and the participation of civil society, particularly Indigenous communities.

Moving forward, the region needs to strengthen its institutional frameworks, enhance inter-institutional coordination, and develop diversified financing mechanisms to effectively manage environmental mining legacies. Prioritizing the inventory and remediation of high-risk sites, promoting voluntary participation, and incorporating climate change considerations into remediation planning are crucial for ensuring a sustainable and inclusive mining sector in the Andean region.

and lessons learned MAURICIO PEREIRACARLOS DE MIGUELACHIM CONSTANTINEditors Thank you for your interest inthis ECLAC publication Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorialproducts and activities. When you register, you may specify your particularareas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. Register Click on the link below for our social networks andother channels for accessing our publications: https://bit.ly/m/CEPAL Managing environmentalmining legacies inthe Andean region Analysis, challenges and lessons learned Mauricio PereiraCarlos de MiguelAchim Constantin Editors ECLAC Books José Manuel Salazar-XirinachsExecutive Secretary Javier Medina VásquezDeputy Executive Secretary a.i. Carlos de MiguelChief, Sustainable Development and Human Settlements Division Chief, Documents and Publications Division This document was prepared and coordinated by Mauricio Pereira and Carlos de Miguel, of theSustainable Development and Human Settlements Division of the Economic Commission forLatin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and Achim Constantin, Director of MinSus-BGRProject of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) of Germany. The following individuals provided substantive input and conceptual contributions for the preparationof this document: Ana María Aranibar, Mauricio Cabrera, Jacques Clerc, Stefania De Santis,Daniel Lafuente, Julio Lavín, Andreas Marker, Ángela Oblasser, Milena Ordoñez, Erick Pabón,Ana María Pereira, Grecia Pérez de Arce, Miryam Saade, and Heloísa Schneider. Thanks are due to Lorena Bonilla, Luis Briceño, María Chappuis, Julieta Godfrid, Alberto Haenflein,Andrés León, Jose Lewinsohn, Federico Martínez, Leonardo Pflüger, Rafael Poveda and Martí Salazarfor their comments and to Mauricio León and Miryam Saade for their revision of the document. The document was prepared as part of the activities of the Regional Cooperation for the SustainableManagement of Mining Resources in the Andean Countries (MinSus) programme, implementedby ECLAC in cooperation with Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) of Germany, and financedby the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) of Germany. The United Nations and the countries it represents assume no responsibility for the content oflinks to external sites in this publication. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflectthe views of the Organization or the countries it represents. The boundaries and names shown on the maps included in this publication do not imply officialendorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. United Nations publicationISBN: 978-92-1-154652-1 (print)ISBN: 978-92-1-157619-1 (pdf)Sales No.: E.25.II.G.18LC/PUB.2026/1-PDistribution: GCopyright © United Nations, 2026All rights reservedPrinted at United Nations, SantiagoS.2500289[E] This publication should be cited as: Pereira, M., De Miguel, C. and Constantin, A. (Eds.) (2026). Managingenvironmental mining legacies in the Andean region: analysis, challenges and lessons learned.ECLAC Books(166)(LC/PUB.2026/1-P). Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the EconomicCommission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Documents and Publications Division, publicaciones.cepal@un.org. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without priorauthorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. Contents Summary..................................................................................................................9Foreword....................................................................................................................11Introduction...............................................................................................................13 Chapter IEnvironmental legacies: concepts and context.....................................................17A.Origin, definitions and types of environmental legacies...............17B.Risk and resilience in environmental mining legacies....................20C.Allocation of responsibility.................................................................24D.Approaches to the management of environmentalmining legacies.....................................................................................251.Preventive management................................................................252.Corrective management................................................................26E.Conclusions...........................................................................................29Bibliography..........................................................................................

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