场外技术测试手册

Offside Technology TestManual Version2;February2023 Introduction Variousoffside technologies are now available to competition organisers asa meansto aidvideo assistantreferees (VARs)inmakingaccurate offside decisions. There are two main categories of systems that arecurrently available. The firstof those isthevirtualoffsideline (VOL)which isthe system that manyfootball stakeholders havebecome accustomed tousingsince the inception of VAR in 2018.The systemusesan operator who,withsupport from theVAR team, manuallyselects themoment the ball is played, theleading goalscoringcoordinate of the attacker and the coordinate of thesecond-to-lastdefenderclosest to their own goal.Two VOLs are generated and,based on the proximity of each line to the goal line,theoffsidedecisionismade. The second systemavailable to competition organisers is calledsemi-automatedoffsidetechnology(SAOT).Thissystemiscapable of tracking multiple skeletal points on each playeras well as the ball inorderto automatically selectthe moment the ball is playedand the coordinates of both the attacker anddefender.This data-driven decision is then communicated to the VARsthrough a combination of alertsand visualisations.The major benefits of this systemarethat the time takento reacha decision is reducedandthatvirtual-reality replays can be generated to assist in the visualisation of the decision.Whilst thesystem itself is automated,VARs are needed to check the resultsof the system and to interpret specificedge cases, hence the name“semi-automated”. This Test Manual outlines the full requirements forboth a standardVOLsystemandSAOTsystem.The fullcomponent tests are listed in theSemi-Automated Offside TechnologyComponent Testing Overviewdocument. 1.Concept The accuracy of offside technologies is tested through a combination of image processing and data analysis.Both analysis methods are made possible using a quantity surveying tool called atotalstation. This deviceallows for locations to be measuredextremely accuratelyand marked on the pitchbefore beingusedforcomparisonby usingthe offside technology. The core test methodologyis based on30assessedoffside scenariosthatare simulated at known locationson the pitch.For each scenario,the provider must generate manual or automatedVOLson agreed camerafeeds.A high-quality image isuploaded to a FIFA file storage space(MS SharePoint)within a set time limit.Once the image is received from each provider, a channel offlatmarkersisplaced in knownlocations relativetothe offside. Oncethe markers are in position, the providers mustscreenshot andupload a secondreferenceimagethatcontains the view of themarkerswithout the VOLs. Both VOL andsemi-automatedoffside technologyproviders must also upload thethree-dimensional (3D)coordinates ofthe selected offsidepointforboth the attacker and the defender for each offside scenario. The firsttenoffside scenarios(block 1)aretwo-dimensional (2D),where thecoordinates of the attacker anddefender closest to the goal areon the ground. The secondtenoffside scenarios(block 2)arethree-dimensional,wherea combination of mannequins and football boots will be used as the locations for offside.Forblock 2,semi-automated offside technologyproviders will be required to manually select the offsidecoordinates. The final section(block 3)will use staticand dynamicplayers to create 3D scenarios that areoptionalforVOL providers and mandatory forsemi-automated offside technologyproviders. The analysisassessesthe levels of agreement betweenthe criterion and provider coordinatesused togenerate the VOLs.Pixel analysis is also carried out to assess the accuracy across the pitch. These processesare discussed in detail intheirrespective sectionsofthis document. 2.Testset-up 2.1Broadcastset-up The set-up for theVOLtestsincludesa series of broadcast cameras similar tothose usedon matchdaysandwill be made available to the providersin high broadcast qualityof1080p/50. The available camera angles will be as follows: -Maincamera-16mrightcamera-16mleftcamera-Highbehindcamera Prior to the test, technology providershave the opportunity torequest specific camerasweepsin order tocalibratetheirsystems. 2.2Semi-automatedoffsidetechnologyset-up Thecameraset-up forsemi-automated offside technologymust bethesameas a matchday set-up.Prior tothe testevent,the provider must supply FIFA with example camera plans and images of their intended setup.At the test event itself, it must be made clear which feeds are available to each camera..Anagreementbetween both partieswill bereachedto define which camerasmaybe used for image submission.Broadcastcamerasmay be ingested by providersbutmay not be used for image submissions. 2.3Totalstationmeasurements Arobotic total station(Trimble SPS620 Robotic Total Station with Trimble TSC3 Handheld Controller)with ameasurement accuracy of <10mmwill be used for the criterion data collection. Thesemeasurements will beused toidentify the goal plane,thepositionsofthe leadingattackerand