AI时代赋能中小企业：2026年OECD D4SME调查报告

OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers Empowering SMEs in the age of AI Keywords:SMEs, Digital, SME digitalisation, Generative AI, Skills, Twin Transitions,FinTech, Digital SecurityThe 2026 OECD D4SME Survey Marco Bianchini,Marta Lasheras Sancho andJuan Ramon Larraín Aylwin SME adoption of AI tools is increasing rapidly. Most businesses areusing off-the-shelf products, while some are experimenting with moretailored applications, including AI Agents. The 2026 D4SME surveysheds light on the scope, complexity and barriers for use of AI applicationsimplemented by a non-representative sample of over 2 000 SMEs from12 OECD countries. This year’s results confirm the sustained take-up ofoff-the-shelf AI applications. However, strategic, targeted and secureintegration within business operations remains uneven. Efficiency andgrowth remain key motivations for adoptingdigital tools in general, buttime constraints, maintenance costs and skills gaps continue to hindereffective implementation. Cybersecurity remains an importantdigitalisation challenge, with many SMEs experiencing cyberattacks.Public programmes to support SME digitalisation could improveprogramme visibility, accessibility and the mix of instruments tosignificantly enhance impact. JEL codes: O14, O33, O38 Keywords: SMEs, Digital, SME digitalisation, Generative AI, Skills, Twin Transitions, FinTech, Digital Security ABOUT THE OECD The OECD is a multi-disciplinary inter-governmental organisation with member countries which engagesin its work an increasing number of non-members from all regions of the world. The Organisation’s coremission today is to help governments work together towards a stronger, cleaner, fairer global economy.Through its network of specialised committees and working groups, the OECD provides a setting wheregovernments compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice, andco-ordinate domestic and international policies.More information available:www.oecd.org. ABOUT THE SMEs ANDENTREPRENEURSHIPPAPERS The series provides comparative evidence and analysis on SME and entrepreneurship performance andtrends and on a broad range of policy areas, including SME financing, innovation, productivity, skills,internationalisation, and others. This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinionsexpressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Membercountries of the OECD. This paper is authorised for publication by Lamia Kamal-Chaoui, Director, Centre for Entrepreneurship,SMEs, Regions and Cities, OECD. This document, as well as any statistical data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the statusof or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to thename of any territory, city or area. Note by the Republic of Türkiye:The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to thesouthern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot peopleon the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting andequitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiye shall preserve its positionconcerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union:The Republic ofCyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. The informationin this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic ofCyprus. Cover image:@iStock/GettyImagesPlus/ALLVISIONN Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you acceptto be bound by the terms of thislicence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution–you must cite the work. Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text: In the event of any discrepancybetween the original work and the translation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text: This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD orof its Membercountries.Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or coverimagewithoutexpress permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration(PCA) A