寨卡疫情更新-2026年5月

MAY2026 Global overview Ten years after being declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, Zika continues tobe reported from countries in several WHO regions, albeit atmuchlower incidencerates.There isnowevidence of current or previousautochthonous Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission in97countries andterritoriesglobally.However,Zika surveillance remains limited and asymptomatic or mildlysymptomaticZIKVinfections aretypicallymissed.Vigilance and preparednessthusremain important, As of31December2025,there wasevidence of current or previous autochthonous mosquito-bornetransmission of Zika virus (ZIKV)in97countries and territories, distributed across all six WHO Regions.WHOand partner agencies havepreviouslypublished global Zika epidemiology updatescovering theperiod up to December2023(1–3).Through ongoingreviewof literature and officialgovernmentreportspublished after 2023,fouradditionalcountrieswith evidence of autochthonous, mosquito-borne transmissionwereidentified:Madagascar,Pakistan,Seychelles,andYemen.In the WHO AfricanRegion,ZIKVtransmissionintheSeychellesin 2024wasidentifiedthrough laboratory confirmation ofinfection in returningtravellersand through subsequent testingof locally collected specimensby the Inthe Region of the Americas,whereincidence of ZIKV infection peaked in 2016 and declinedsubstantiallythereafter,transmission continues to be reported in some countriesand it remains theWHO Region with the highest number ofreportedZIKVdisease casesannually, with44490suspectedcases (2117, or<5%confirmed) in 2024 and27187 suspectedcases(1841, or <7%, laboratoryconfirmed) in 2025(9).In the South-East Asia regionIndia reporteda cumulative total of 151 Zikacases from three states (Gujarat, Karnataka, and Maharashtra states)over the course of 2024;Thailand reported423 cases in 2024 and 236 cases in 2025;and Bangladesh reported 10 throughretrospectivetesting oflocally collected patient specimensandinMadagascar, five ZIKVinfections were confirmed by RT-PCR testing of specimens collected from patients with suspectedarboviral disease(4–6).In theWestern Pacific Region,onlydescriptions ofsporadicZIKV diseasecaseshave beenreportedin 2024-2025(11).In the European Region, cases in travellers returning from Globally,55countries and territories in six WHO regions have establishedandcompetentAedesaegyptivectorpopulations,butno evidence ofautochthonousZIKVtransmissionto date.In addition,other countries have establishedpopulations ofAedesalbopictusmosquitoes,which are competenttotransmit ZIKVbutto a lesser extent thanAedes aegyptiand arethus lesslikely to propagateandsustainlarge-scaleZIKVoutbreaks(13).The presence ofeither ofthesevectorpopulationsposes anongoing risk forZIKVspread to additional countries. It is also possible thatZIKV transmission occurs, Zika virus infection in older children and adults is typicallyasymptomatic or causes mild disease, butcanresultin rare but severe outcomes, including Guillain-Barrésyndrome,transverse myelitis, andother systemic and neurologicsequelae(16). Infection during pregnancy can cause severeadverseoutcomesthat includeincreased risk of preterm birth, foetal death and stillbirth, and congenitalmalformations collectively characterizedin their most severe formas congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) The widespread expansion of genomic sequencing capacity for sequencingofZIKVisolatesandgenefragmentshasaided the assessment oftrends in endemic transmission andpatterns of global spread;however,as with diagnostic testing, findings should be interpretedcarefully in light of epidemiologicalcontextand quality assuranceof the methods and reagents used.ThroughearlierphylogeneticanalysisZIKVhas beencharacterised into two major lineagesnamelythe Africanand Asianlineages(19).ZIKVAfrican lineage was isolated sporadically in non-human and human specimens since 1947(20).Asian lineageviruses were first isolated inMalaysiain1951and later inthePacific Islandsfrom The differences in the epidemic potential and pathogenicity of these viral lineages and strainsremainpoorlyunderstood.Althoughan earlierreportpostulated the association of a specificviralmutationof the Asian lineagewith theobservation ofteratogenic effects of ZIKV infectionfollowing the documentation of a case of microcephalyin Thailandafter congenital infection with Asia lineage-Asianstrain ZIKVwithout the mutation, and subsequent reports of foetal microcephalyfollowingmaternaltravel to Thailand duringpregnancy and evidence of recent Zika virus infection(24–26).In contrast, todate, adverse pregnancy outcomes and cases of CZS caused by ZIKV African lineage viruses have notbeen recognized and it is not known whether this is because they do not occur, or because of Accurate and up-to-date epidemiologic data onZIKVare limited in manycountries duetoinsufficientor absentsystemsand proceduresfor routine surveillance, detection and reporting of ZIKV diseasecases(27).The majority ofZIKVinfections are asymptomatic, and when disease occur