FORM10-Q (Mark One)☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Commission File Number: 001-12584 THERIVA BIOLOGICS,INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Nevada13-3808303(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) (301) 417-4364(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section12(b)of the Act: Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1)has filed all reports required to be filed by Section13 or 15(d)of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file suchreports), and (2)has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90days.Yes☒No☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submittedpursuant to Rule405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12months (or for such shorter period thatthe registrant was required to submit such files). Yes☒No☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smallerreporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” “smallerreporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act. If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period forcomplying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section13(a)of the Exchange Act.☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes☐No☒ As ofMay 1, 2026,the registrant had 45,892,668 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding. THERIVA BIOLOGICS, INC. NOTEREGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of theSecurities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, asamended (the “Exchange Act”). In particular, statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, includingbut not limited to, statements regarding the timing of our clinical trials, the development and commercialization of ourpipeline products, the sufficiency of our cash, our ability to finance our operations and business initiatives and obtainfunding for such activities and the timing of any such financing, our future results of operations and financial position,business strategy and plans prospects, or costs and objectives of management for future research, development oroperations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements relate to our future plans, objectives,expectations and intentions and may be identified by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,”“anticipates,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “seeks,” “goals,” “estimates,” “predicts,”“potential” and “continue” or similar words. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are based onour current beliefs, expectations and assumptions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that aredifficult to predict, including those identified below, under Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in thisQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and those identified under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for theyear ended December 31, 2025 filed on March 12, 2026 (the “2025 Form 10-K”). Therefore, actual results may differmaterially and adversely from those expressed, projected or implied in any forward-looking statements. We undertakeno obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason. NOTEREGARDING COMPANY REFERENCES Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, “Theriva Biologics,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer toTheriva Biologics, Inc. and our subsidiaries Theriva Biologics, S.L. (“VCN”, formerly known as VCN Biosciences,S.L.),Pipex Therapeutics,Inc.(“Pipex Therapeutics”),Effective Pharmaceuticals,Inc.(“EPI”),Solovax,Inc.(“Solovax”),CD4 Biosciences,Inc.(“CD4”),Epitope Pharmaceuticals,Inc.(“Epitope”),Healthmine,Inc.(“Healthmine”), Putney Drug Corp. (“Putney”) and Synthetic Biomics, Inc. (“SYN Biomics”). NOTEREGARDING TRADEMARKS All trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form10-Q are the property oftheir respective owners. THERIVA BIOLOGICS,INC. FORM10-QTABLE OF CONTENTS PagePARTI. FINANCIAL INFORMATION3Item1.Financial Statements (Unaudited)3Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2026 and Decemb