
Theriva Biologics, Inc. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Indicate by check mark whether the issuer: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filingrequirements for the past 90 days. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submitsuch files). Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company oran emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growthcompany” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying withany new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that preparedor issued its audit report.☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included inthe filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive- based compensationreceived by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2024, the last business day of theregistrant’s recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $5.3 million based on $6.00, the closing price of the registrant’s common stock asreported by the NYSE American on that date. As of March 4, 2025, the registrant had 2,782,449 shares of common stock outstanding. Documents incorporated by reference:None THERIVA BIOLOGICS, INC. FORM 10-KTABLE OF CONTENTS PagePART I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Item 1.Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Item 1A.Risk Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Item 1C.Cybersecurity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Item 2.Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Item 3.Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67PART II.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and IssuerPurchases of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Item 6.[Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results ofOperations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accoun