爱立信 2024 年微波技术展望

EricssonMicrowaveOutlook October 2024 Executivesummary High- and mid-band deployments,but especially the latter, will drivebackhaul needs in the future. As capacityrequirements in mobile networks becomemore diverse, so will demands on backhaultransport networks. In this year’s report,we have updated the backhaul capacitytable structure to highlight variationsin requirements for several spectrumstrategies and site types.Coexistence with other radio services It involves new key performanceindicators (KPIs) and more balanceddimensioning that, without negativelyimpacting quality of experience (QoE),can enable longer hop lengths, highercapacity, improved energy savings and lowerspectrum costs. More aggressive frequencyreuse enables wider channels, whichresults in higher capacity and more efficientspectrum use. Interference management insubnetworks can be a future step to enableprioritization between links and ensure thatlinks operate efficiently. Contents 02Executive summary03Backhaul capacity evolution04Spectrum, a shared gem07Trusted microwave networks09The future of microwave planning in parts of the 6–15 GHz range is a hottopic in backhaul spectrum, in order tocater for increased spectrum needs formobile networks. Long-range microwavebackhaul is essential in these bands, bothtoday and in the future. For example,around 30 percent of all transceivers arebelow 10 GHz in the countries studied,but it varies per country from around10 percent to more than 60 percent.Microwave technology is continuously Security is a topic that is rightfully highon everyone’s agenda, and security inmicrowave networks is, for the first time,covered in this report. Microwave nodes arefrequently located in remote, unsupervisedlocations which can be susceptible tounauthorized access, and the possibility ofeavesdropping, ingestion of manipulatedsoftware, attacks via vulnerable third-partyproviders, hidden activities and denial ofservice attacks. Communications serviceproviders can mitigate these threats inseveral ways, as covered in the report. Key contributorsExecutive Editor:Git Sellin Articles:Andreas OlssonGéza GaálGustav RydénJonas EdstamJonas FlodinJonas HansrydMikael Coldrey evolving to meet new requirements.Modernized microwave planning andeven more efficient spectrum use willplay a significant role in achieving this. Backhaul capacityevolution Increasing mid- and high-band deploymentswill continue to drive backhaul needs. The expansion of 5G is continuing. It isnow forecast to pass 4G to become thedominant mobile access technology bysubscription in 2028 and to account for60 percent of all mobile subscriptions by2029. To date, around 300 service providershave launched commercial 5G services andit is forecast that 75 percent of mobile datatraffic will be served by 5G in 2029.5G population coverage outside ofmainland China has now reached around40 percent, but with large regionalvariations where some markets are ataround 10 percent. Global 5G populationcoverage is expected to increasesignificantly to up to 80 percent by theend of 2029, creating the potential forsignificant user data throughput increases.1In most markets, with the exception requirements between regions, marketsand service providers continue to besignificant and are even increasing.These variations are the result ofdifferences in service provider spectrumholdings, actual service provider spectrumdeployments and deployed RAN features,such as carrier aggregation. Deployment of high-band will also increase,but more selectively than mid-band andwith a focus on urban environments.In around 2030, we will see the introduction of 6G and this is expected tolead to more spectrum being released inthe mid- and centimeter wave (cmWave)bands pending decisions at WorldRadiocommunication Conference2027 (WRC-27). As it is too early fordetailed analysis of these proposednew bands, they are not included in thisyear’s capacity table. For more on 6Gspectrum, see the Ericsson white paper‘6G spectrum – enabling the futuremobile life beyond 2030’.2 Increased deployment of mid-band isexpected to have the largest overallimpact on the network, as it will be usedin all regions and deployment areas.Some of the reasoning behind theformulation of the table can be found inthe Ericsson blog ‘Backhaul end-sitecapacity: Guesswork or science?’.3 As backhaul capacity needs in mobilenetworks become more diverse, sowill demands on backhaul transportnetworks. Both high capacity andflexibility will be needed to coverlower-bandwidth deployments efficiently.A thorough analysis of mobile networkperformance targets is key to finding thecorrect backhaul dimensioning. Both mid-band deployments, with alarge amount of spectrum and a high MIMOlayer count, and high-band deployments,will enable a significant increase in userthroughput, driving backhaul needs.Typical backhaul capacity requirements of Europe, mid-band populationcoverage matches 5G population coveragereasonably well. As 5G coverage i