2025非选择性、不可持续和不受监控的拖网渔业研究报告

Situation analysis with case studiesfrom Southeast and East Asia Duncan Leadbitter, Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson, Nicholas B.W. Macfarlane ABOUT IUCN IUCN is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organi-sations. It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge andtools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take placetogether. Created in 1948, IUCN is now the world’s largest and most diverse environmental network,harnessing the knowledge, resources and reach of more than 1,400 Member organisations andaround 16,000 experts. It is a leading provider of conservation data, assessments and analysis.Its broad membership enables IUCN to fill the role of incubator and trusted repository of bestpractices, tools and international standards. IUCN provides a neutral space in which diverse stakeholders including governments, NGOs,scientists, businesses, local communities, indigenous peoples organisations and others canwork together to forge and implement solutions to environmental challenges and achieve sus-tainable development. Working with many partners and supporters, IUCN implements a large and diverse portfolio ofconservation projects worldwide. Combining the latest science with the traditional knowledge oflocal communities, these projects work to reverse habitat loss, restore ecosystems and improvepeople’s well-being. www.iucn.org Unselective, unsustainable, andunmonitored trawl fisheries? Situation analysis with case studiesfrom Southeast and East Asia Duncan Leadbitter, Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson, Nicholas B.W. Macfarlane The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, donot imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or other participatingorganisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other par-ticipating organisations. IUCN is pleased to acknowledge the support of its Framework Partners who provide corefunding: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark; Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland; Govern-ment of France and the French Development Agency (AFD); Ministry of Environment, Republicof Korea; Ministry of the Environment, Climate and Sustainable Development, Grand Duchyof Luxembourg; the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad); the SwedishInternational Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the Swiss Agency for Development andCooperation (SDC) and the United States Department of State. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from Synchronicity Earth, theMinderoo Foundation,the ADM Capital Foundation,andananonymous donor. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Overview 13 1.1 Situation Analysis context14 1.1.1 Introduction1.1.2 Defining unselective, unsustainable and unmonitored (UUU) fisheries1.1.2.1 Unselective1.1.2.2 Unmonitored1.1.2.3 Unsustainable1.1.3 Threats to biological diversity from UUU fisheries1.1.3.1 Evaluating threats to biodiversity1.1.3.2 Biodiversity in the seas of East and Southeast Asia1.1.3.3 Implications for species and interactions with fisheries1.1.4 Monitoring, management, and mitigation in relation to ETP1.2 Summary of the global fisheries context1.3 Introduction to this situation analysis and rationale forselection of case study region, countries, and gear1.4 Objectives and rationale of the situation analysis1.5 Methods1.6 GlossaryReferencesAnnex 1.1 A special note on the term ‘trash fish’1415161819202023242426283334354044 Chapter 2. Country case study 47 China 2.1 Introduction2.1.1 History and context of marine-related policies2.1.2 Introduction to trawl fisheries484952 2.2 Domestic waters capture fisheries profile2.2.1 Introduction2.2.2 Fisheries administration system2.2.3 Data Collection2.2.3.1 Landings data2.2.3.2 Possible data errors2.2.4 Stock/species assessments2.2.5 Catches and landings2.2.5.1 Domestic catch composition (all gears)2.2.5.2 Catch composition for trawlers2.2.5.3 Juveniles in catches2.2.6 Seafood uses545455565657586060626364 666671727273747474757980808081662.3.1 Introduction2.3.2 Species and species’ conservation status2.3.3 Habitats and ecosystems2.3.3.1 Habitats2.3.3.2 Ecosystem2.3.4 Broader implications of poor quality catches and net use2.4 Laws, regulations, and policies2.4.1 Introduction2.4.2 Regulations and supporting measures2.4.2.1 Regulations2.4.2.2 Supporting measures (artificial reefs/restocking).2.4.2.3 Enforcement2.4.3 Major fishery management challenges and international commitments2.4.3.1 National level2.4.3.2 International level2.3 Species, habitat and ecosystem implications of fisheries 828387952.5 China and UUU2.6 SummaryReferencesAnnex 2.1 — Threatened/near-threatened species (IUCN) and Class II (China) listedspecies from China’s coast