将沟通应用于健康：研究工具：定性访谈

The C4H approach is based on six principlesrepresented by the word“IMPACT”:Informed by data and theory; Measurable;Planned; Audience- and people-centred;Collaborative; and Targeted. It uses insights Communication for Health In the World Health Organization (WHO)Western Pacific Region, WHO has developedtheCommunication for Health (C4H)approach: a set of principles and practices For more information, please visitC4Hpage. Qualitative interviewsis part of a series ofresearch tools to support the C4H application.The series aims to equip communicationsprofessionals with the foundational knowledge responses, allowing for a more thoroughexploration and the discovery of new issues andideas that you might have not anticipated. Whatinterviewees say, their stories and examples, When should qualitative interviews be used? What is a qualitative interview? Qualitative interviews can serve as a key sourceof evidence throughout all phases of a C4Hintervention. For example, they can be usedbefore a C4H intervention to assess the needsand preferences of the target population as wellas the challenges they face, or provide a deeper A qualitative interview is a method used togather in-depth information about a specific Why use qualitative interviews? The key reason to use qualitative interviews isto gain in-depth, detailed insights intoparticipants’ unique knowledge, experiences,opinions, feelings and motivations related to a Applying Communication for Health Research tools: Qualitative interviews end to evaluate outcomes and impact.Interviews can be used alone or in combination community leaders, representatives from apartner or donor organization, health-care Who should I interview? Ethical considerations Qualitative interviews can be conducted withanyone who is credible, has experience orknowledge directly related to your C4Hintervention topic, and is willing to share theirthoughts with you. Aim to include a diverse Interviewees should be informed about thepurpose of the interview, how their answers willbe used and how their information is going to behandled in terms of disclosure. They should beensured that their data will be managed and Benefits and limitations of qualitative interviews Benefits Limitations Interview findings are notgeneralizable to others due to Interviews are useful: To explore experiences, meanings,understandings and processes in Analysis of qualitative data obtainedfrom interviews can be time- To establish a personal connectionwith interviewees that can enhance Interviewers should be aware of theirinfluence on interviewees.They canunintentionally influence responses To explore new and unanticipatedissues and ideas. Interviewees may sometimes provideanswers they think the interviewerwants to hear or that are sociallyacceptable, rather than their true To understand interviewees’perspectives on what changesoccurred in your C4H intervention How do you conduct qualitative interviews? Preparing for the interviews Review existing data and determine what new information is needed A good starting point is to organize existing research data as some of the information youare looking for might already exist. Based on the findings, determine what additionalinformation you need to collect through interviews to fill in any gaps for a more Draft the interview guide Most qualitative interviews are based on a semi-structured interview guide. The guideincludes a pre-established list of open-ended questions to ensure consistency acrossinterviews. However, the interview guide is not a script like a survey, but rather a set ofquestions you want to cover during the interview, and the order and wording of the The interview guide should ask questions that align with the objectives of the C4Hintervention. Start with general questions and gradually move on to more specific ones.A good interview guide begins with basic background and contextual questions about Examples: Can you tell me about your background and current role in ...? How did you first Carefully design your key questions to ensure they are open-ended, elicit detailedinformation and allow interviewees to discuss the topic on their own terms. Aim toinclude five to seven key questions to cover during the interview. Include follow-upquestions to delve deeper into specific responses or clarify ambiguous ones. Conclude Pre-test the interview guide Pre-test the interview guide with someone similar to your intended interviewees or witha few colleagues to ensure questions are clear, effective and will elicit the desired information. Integrate the feedback as you make adjustments to the final interview Select participants/interviewees When selecting participants, identify relevant groups from which they can be drawn.Participants should be chosen for particular characteristics that will enable in-depthexploration and understanding of the research questions. These may be socio- The number of people you interview will depend on variou