基础设施基础：从现有资产到未来增长

INFRASTRUCTUREFOUNDATIONS https://reproducibility.worldbank.org A reproducibility package is available for thisbook in the Reproducible Research Repository athttps://reproducibility.worldbank.org/catalog/536. Scan to see all titles in the series. INFRASTRUCTUREFOUNDATIONS FROM CURRENT ASSETSTO FUTURE GROWTH Stéphane Straub, He He, Yue Li, Xinxin Lyu, Jevgenijs Steinbuks,Estefanía Vergara Cobos, Christopher Dann,Manuel García-Santana, and Harris Selod © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 429 28 27 26 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations,and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board ofExecutive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this workand does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liabilitywith respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. Theboundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes, and other information shown in this work do not implyany judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsementor acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean The World Bankendorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privilegesand immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you arefree to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the followingconditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Straub, Stéphane, He He, Yue Li, Xinxin Lyu, Jevgenijs Steinbuks,Estefanía Vergara Cobos, Christopher Dann, Manuel García-Santana, and Harris Selod. 2026.InfrastructureFoundations: From Current Assets to Future Growth. Sustainable Infrastructure Series. Washington, DC: World Bank.doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2311-4. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with theattribution:This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Banktranslation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with theattribution:This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation arethe sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content containedwithin the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individualcomponent or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claimsresulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is yourresponsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from thecopyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-2311-4ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-2312-1DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2311-4 Cover design:Estefanía Vergara Cobos and Betsega Girma Teklegiorgis, World Bank. ABOUT THE SERIES Sustainable infrastructure is a key enabler of economic and social development, aswell as environmental sustainability. Quality infrastructure enhances productivityand competitiveness, contributing to economic growth and employment, as well as tofacilitating international trade. Broad coverage of infrastructure services promotes socialinclusion and equity and supports the formation of human capital. Green infrastructuresafeguards local environmental quality while contributing to the global decarbonizationprocess. The challenge of delivering sustainable infrastructure services is a complex onethat goes far beyond “bricks and mortar” to encompass good policy, sound planning,efficient procurement, smart regulatio