国家基本药物清单 第7版（2025）

NATIONAL ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LISTPUBLICATION: 7thEDITION (2025) Pharmaceutical Services ProgrammeMinistry of Health (MOH) MalaysiaLot. 36, Jalan ProfesorDiraja Ungku Aziz,46200 Petaling Jaya,Selangor, Malaysia.Tel: 603–7841 3200Website:www.pharmacy.gov.my A-GU-86/3 e ISBN 978-967-2854-49-4 © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED This is a publication of the Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of HealthMalaysia. Enquiries are to bedirected to the address stated above. Permission isherebygranted to reproduce information contained herein provided that suchreproduction begiven due acknowledgement and shall not modify the text. Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSiTHE NATIONAL ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST (NEML)iiBackgroundiiReview ProcessiiListing CriteriaiiiHow To Use The National Essential Medicines Listiii1.Anaesthetics, Preoperative Medicines And Medical Gases12.Medicines For Pain And Palliative Care23.Antiallergics And Medicines Used In Anaphylaxis34.Antidotes And Other Substances Used In Poisonings35.Medicines For Diseases Of The Nervous System46.Anti-Infective Medicines57. Antimigraine Medicines108. Immunomodulators And Antineoplastics109. Medicines Affecting The Blood1310. Blood Products Of Human Origin And Plasma Substitutes1411. Cardiovascular Medicines1512. Dermatological Medicines1713. Diagnostic Agents1814.Antiseptics And Disinfectants1815. Diuretics1816. Gastrointestinal Medicines1917. Medicines For Endocrine Disorders2018. Immunologicals2219. Muscle Relaxants (Peripherally-Acting) And Cholinesterase Inhibitors2320.Ophthalmological Preparations2421. Medicines For Reproductive Health And Perinatal Care2522. Peritoneal Dialysis Solution2623. Medicines For Mental And Behavioral Disorders2624. Medicines Acting On The Respiratory Tract2825. Solutions Correcting Water, Electrolyte And Acid–BaseDisturbances2926. Vitamins And Minerals2927. Ear, Nose And Throat Medicines2928. Medicines For Diseases Of The Joints3029. Dental Medicines And Preparations30 APPENDIXES31 NEML Statistics31 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health (MOH) would like to express our gratitude toindividuals and organisations that had invested hard work and time in providing information, review andadvice in the preparation of this National Essential Medicines List (NEML). We wouldlike to extend our sincerethank youto all advisory group members for their insightful feedbackand support: Advisors: •Norhaliza A Halim,DeputyDirectorGeneralof Health(Pharmaceutical Services)•Wan Noraimi Wan Ibrahim, Director of PharmacyPractice and Development Division NEMLSecretariat: •Dr. Nur Sufiza Ahmad, Deputy Director (Formulary Management), Pharmacy Practice and DevelopmentDivision(Secretary)•Dr. Rosliana Rosli, Senior Principal Assistant Director•Dr. Nur Liyana Zainal Bahrin, Senior Principal Assistant Director•Ng Sin Yee,SeniorPrincipal Assistant Director•Eng Khai Li, Principal Assistant Director Contributors(in alphabetical order): Ministry of Health, Malaysia •National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency•OralHealth Policy and Strategic PlanningDivision•Pharmacy Policy and Strategic Planning Division•Public Health Development Division •Disease Control Division•Drug Working Committees•Family Health Development Division•Medical Development Division Other Ministries •Ministry of Defence•Ministry of Higher Education Private Sector •Association of Private Hospitals, Malaysia(APHM)•Malaysian DentalAssociation (MDA)•Malaysian Medical Association (MMA)•Malaysia Pharmacists Society (MPS) Other organisationsor individuals who have provided their comments and suggestions for the revision of theNEML. THE NATIONAL ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST (NEML) Background The Malaysian National Essential Medicines List (NEML) was initially approved by the Ministry of Health(MOH) in January 2000. Since its inception, and in alignment with the Malaysian National Medicines Policyaimed at ensuring universal access to medicines, the NEMLisrevised every two to three years, based onupdates to the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines (WHO EML). This list comprisesessential medicines that address the primary healthcare needs of the majority of the population. Thesemedicines, in suitable dosage forms, should be accessible to individuals and communities in adequatequantities, with guaranteed quality and at a reasonable cost. The overarching goal is to ensure that essential medicines remain available and affordable for the Malaysianpopulation.Furthermore,itstrives topromote efficientmedicineprocurement processes and encouragetherational use of medicines.It is also designed to serve as a standardised reference for public and privatehealthcare facilities, enabling them to create tailored essential medicine lists that meet their specific needs. Review Process The NEML undergoes regular review and updates to ensure the population’s access to medicines that areavailable, affordable, of high quality, andaccessible. The review proces