预测技能需求与适应高等教育：从洞察力到一致性

Anticipating Skill Needs andAdaptingHigher Education From Insight toAlignment Getting Skills Right Anticipating Skill Needsand Adapting HigherEducation FROM INSIGHT TO ALIGNMENT This work is issued under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD, and does not necessarily reflect theofficial views of OECD Member countries. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can inno way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. OECD (2026),Anticipating Skill Needs and Adapting Higher Education: From Insight to Alignment, Getting Skills Right, OECDPublishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/827b3ca4-en. ISBN 978-92-64-41998-8 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-93161-9 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-76690-7 (HTML) Getting Skills RightISSN 2520-6117 (print)ISSN 2520-6125 (online) Photo credits:Cover © PeopleImages/Shutterstock.com. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword This report has been developedin the context of the project “Fostering a Higher Education Better Adaptedto the Labour Market: Towards an Improved Skills Forecasting System". The project was funded by theEuropean Union via the Technical Support Instrument, and implemented by the OECD, in co-operationwith the European Commission. The Portuguese Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation, and theMinistry of Labour, Solidarity and Social Security also co-operated with the OECD and the EuropeanCommission in the implementation of this project. The report was prepared by Gillian Golden and Patricia Navarro-Palau, under the supervision of StijnBroecke (Head of the Future of Work team) and Glenda Quintini (Head of the Skills and Future ReadinessDivision). The authors would like to thank Anthea Bicakcioglu for her contributions to the report, the projectteam from the European Commission’s Reform and Investment Task Force (SG REFORM), namelyAlexandra Soares, the Advisory Group members of the project, and team members of the Skills and FutureReadiness division, including Isabel Olufsen and Dzana Topalovic. Special thanks are also given to thefollowing international experts who were interviewed in the context of the project, participated in a peer-learning workshop or/and provided valuable information on Skills Assessment and Anticipation systems: •Frederique Alexandre-Bailly (ONISEP–France)•Davide Cristofori (AlmaLaurea Interuniversity Consortium–Italy)•Sander Dijksman (Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market,Maastricht University–the Netherlands)•Didier Fouarge (Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht University–theNetherlands)•Silvia Galeazzi (Alma Laurea Interuniversity Consortium–Italy)•Aleksi Kalenius (Ministry of Education and Culture–Finland)•Alberto Leone (AlmaLaurea Interuniversity Consortium–Italy)•Vivienne Patterson (Higher Education Authority–Ireland)•Kerli Požogina (Estonian Qualifications Authority–Estonia)•Martina Rameša (Employment Service ofSlovenia–Slovenia)•Yngve Rosenblad (Estonian Qualifications Authority–Estonia) The authors are also grateful for administrative support provided by Saoirse Douglas and MargheritaOnofrio, and editorial assistance provided by Natalie Corry. Abbreviationsand acronyms Executivesummary Across theEU, 21% of workers are over-qualifiedand 25% report being over-skilledfor their current role