2026优化公私合作保险计划：弥合日益扩大的保障缺口研究报告

Addressing GrowingProtection Gaps throughBetter Public-PrivateInsurance Programmes Hélène SchernbergDirector Public Policy & Regulation, Geneva Association Geneva Association The Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association ofinsurance companies; our members are insurance and reinsurance Chief ExecutiveOfficers (CEOs). Based on rigorous research conducted in collaboration with ourmembers, academic institutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is toidentify and investigate key trends that are likely to shape or impact the insuranceindustry in the future, highlighting what is at stake for the industry; developrecommendations for the industry and for policymakers; provide a platform to ourmembers and other stakeholders to discuss these trends and recommendations;and reach out to global opinion leaders and influential organisations to highlightthe positive contributions of insurance to better understanding risks and to buildingresilient and prosperous economies and societies, and thus a more sustainable world. Photo credits:Cover page – Mulad Images for ShutterstockSection 1 – Shubham Dhage for UnsplashSection 2 – Drazen Nesic for Unsplash+Section 3 – FanetteG for Unsplash+Section 4 – Nick Design for UnsplashSection 5 – Getty Images for Unsplash+Section 6 – Dilok Klaisataporn for ShutterstockSection 7 – Maren Winter for ShutterstockSection 8 – George C for Unsplash+ Suggested citation: Geneva Association. 2026.Addressing Growing Protection Gaps through Better Public-PrivateInsurance Programmes.Author: Hélène Schernberg. February. © Geneva Association, 2026 All rights reservedwww.genevaassociation.org Contents Acknowledgements4 Foreword5 Executive summary6 1.Introduction9 1.1A widening disaster protection gap101.2Why governments intervene to narrow disaster protection gaps111.3A growing interest in public-private insurance programmes (PPIPs)121.4Structure of the report12 2. Narrowingdisasterprotectiongaps:Aproactivestrategy13 2.1Root causes of disaster protection gaps142.2A three-step proactive risk-management strategy16 3. ConceptualframeworkforPPIPanalysis18 4. AnatomyofaPPIP:Corecomponents224.1Implementing the state guarantee244.2Implementing cost redistribution27 5.PPIPs in practice: From creation to performance29 5.1How crises catalyse PPIP creation305.2PPIP archetypes: Two ways of balancing policy trade-offs315.3Coverage outcomes: Successes and shortfalls335.4Guardrails: Navigating trade-offs in practice33 6.The risk-reduction imperative 6.1When risk-sharing hinders risk reduction386.2Retrofitting PPIPs: Adding risk-reduction features396.3The limits of retrofitting: Why individual incentives alone are insufficient406.4The policymaker’s new objective: Designing PPIPs for risk reduction42 7.Principles for effective PPIP design 7.1Is a PPIP needed?457.2Core PPIP implementation principles457.3PPIPs for cyberattacks and pandemics48 8. Conclusion52 Appendix54 References58 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report benefited from inputs and comments from the members and affiliates of the GenevaAssociation’s (GA’s) Public Policy and Regulation Working Group. Special thanks go to: •Tomo Asaka and Mina Kajiyama (Tokio Marine)•Hélène Chauveau (AXA)•Sarah Doring and Jacopo Marazzato (Unipol)•Lukas Kocher and Martin Kreuzer (Munich Re)•Daniela Zimmermann (Hannover Re) In addition, we would like to thank several external interlocutors who kindly agreed to share theirinsights. In particular: •David Bresch (ETH Zurich, Switzerland)•Tom Clementi (Pool Re, UK)•Alex Curtis and Jemima Hall (Prudential Regulation Authority, UK)•Jo Horrocks and Tina Mitchell (Natural Hazard Commission, New Zealand)•Marc Radice (Zurich Insurance)•Pamela Schuermans (European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority)•Swenja Surminski (Marsh McLennan and London School of Economics and Political Science, UK)•Leigh Wolfrom (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) The conclusions and positions presented in this report nonetheless represent the views of theGeneva Association. Foreword In recent decades, societies have grown more prosperous, more interconnected, and,paradoxically, more vulnerable. Natural and man-made disasters now unfold againsta backdrop of dense economic activity, stretched public finances, and rising expecta-tions of protection. In this environment, insurance is a cornerstone of resilience, helpinghouseholds, businesses, and governments absorb shocks and recover more quickly.Yet the frequency, scale, and sometimes systemic nature of today’s risks – and urgentneed to address insurance availability and affordability challenges – are testing the limitsof existing mechanisms and forcing a reassessment of how risk is reduced, shared, andultimately borne. This report examines widening protection gaps, and the role that public-private insur-ance programmes (PPIPs) can play in addressing them. Our comparative analysis of14 programmes across countries and perils