进入医疗保健行业的灵活学习途径

Flexible Learning PathwaysintoHealthcare Occupations Getting Skills Right Flexible Learning Pathwaysinto Healthcare Occupations This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD and the Director General of theILO. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of theMember countries of the OECD or of the ILO. The names and representation of countries and territories used in this joint publication follow the practice of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. OECD/ILO (2026),Flexible Learning Pathways into Healthcare Occupations, Getting Skills Right, OECD Publishing, Paris,https://doi.org/10.1787/a114f653-en. ISBN 978-92-64-37775-2 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-69769-0 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-88943-9 (HTML) Getting Skills RightISSN 2520-6117 (print)ISSN 2520-6125 (online) International Labour OrganizationISBN 9789220411919 (web PDF) Photo credits:Cover © VStock_A/Shutterstock.com. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution– you must cite the work. Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD and the ILO. The opinions expressed and argumentsemployed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries or the ILO. Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD's or the ILO's respective logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD or the ILO endorse your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Skill shortages and skill gaps in the healthcare sector are costly andcontribute to significant unmet medicalcare needs. In many countries, there are not enough healthand careworkers, and many of the existinghealth and careworkers do not have the skills needed to carry out the tasks and responsibilityrequiredbythe healthcare system.The limited offer of flexible career and training pathways are preventing many adultsfrom upskilling and reskilling to enter the healthandcare workforce.This work builds on previous initiativesundertakenby the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)and theInternational Labour Organization(ILO) in the area ofskills for the healthandcare workforce. It aims tohighlight new and innovative policies toencourage andenable career transitions to the healthcare sectorfor entry-level occupations andtosupport informal healthand careworkers in formalising their skills andexperience, with theobjectiveof expanding the healthandcare workforce. This report provides anoverview of practicestoincreaseflexibility in career and training pathways in aselection of OECD countries and low-and middle-income countries in South Asia, Southeast Asia andAfrica. The analysis is based onextensive desk researchandinterviews with relevant institutionsandstakeholders. The workforthis report was carried out jointly by the OECD and the ILO.The authors of the report wereDzana Topalovic (OECD), RodrigoFernandez(OECD)andPedro Moreno da Fonseca (ILO). The workwas supervised by Glenda Quintini(Head of Skills and Future Readiness division, OECD)and MarenHopfe(Technical Specialist Health Services Sector, ILO).The report benefitted from helpful commentsprovided by colleagues from the OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs: StefanoScarpetta (Director),Francesca Colombo (Head of Health division)and Gaetan Lafortune (Health division).It also benefitted from comments from colleaguesfrom theWorld Health Organization(WHO): MeredithFendt-Newlin and Werner Cordier. This report was produced with financial assistance from the ILO-OECD-WHO Working for Health Multi-Partner Trust Fund. The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the official views of theOECDMembercountries, the ILO, or the Working for Health Multi-Partner Trust Fund. Table ofcontents 3 Foreword Executive summary5 1 Introduction Context9Alone, initial education policies are not sufficient to address these challenges11The diversification of jobs and tasks in the healthcare sector has the potential to open upopportunities f