邮政改革计划

POLICY ADVISORYASSISTANCETHROUGH THE POSTALREFORM PLAN ThePostal Reform Plan (PRP)is the UPU policy advisoryassistance framework that supports member countriesundertaking efforts to reform their postal sector torespond to trends and promote the sector as a providerof relevant solutions to advance public policy goals. ThePRP offers a structured and controlled environment for thedevelopment of evidence-based and results-focused sectorpolicy, and a framework for measuring the effectivenessof the policy, once implemented. The PRP framework issupported by the various modules of the Postal ReformGuide, which contains the substantive information,theoretical and practical models, best practices, andguidelines relevant to different areas of postal sector policy. All over the world, postal laws are enacted, secondarylegislation and decisions are adopted, and policiesrelevant to the postal sector are set and implemented.These instruments define postal services, including therights and obligations for the provision of a universalpostal service, and present a vision in terms of therole of the postal service in society, government andbusiness. A robust policy and regulatory frameworkfor the postal sector can enable economic growth,ensure social inclusion, attract investment, facilitatedomestic and cross-border trade, support innovation,and provide the foundation for a vital infrastructurethat connects citizens, businesses and government. Against a backdrop of societal, economic and technologicaldevelopments, combined with market liberalization andchanging consumer behavior, new realities are drivingthe need for postal sector modernization and reform inorder to meet the changing needs and expectations forpostal services. Global trends, such as declining lettervolumes and the economic shift to e-commerce, requiregovernments to regularly review their postal policyand regulatory frameworks to ensure that these remainrelevant, and to find new ways for citizens and businessesto effectively participate in the digital economy. The PRP is outcome-focused. Thedeliverables it produces are theproposed policy content, includingactionable recommendationsfor implementation, anda framework for post-implementation evaluation. As these trends and developments accelerate, postalreform increasingly finds its way to the national policyagenda. Role of the PRP in postalpolicy development A policy cycle framework simplifies policymaking byorganizing it into sequential stages offering explanatoryinsights. Because of the nexus with PRP advisory assistance,the assumption is that the national policy process follows asequence of these five steps: Policy adoption– Adoption or enactment of the relevantpolicy instruments in accordance with national approval orlegislative procedures. Policy implementation– The immediate effect givento the adopted policy and regulatory instruments throughconcrete actions. In the PRP methodology this processis referred to as “immediate outcomes” and must beunderstood in terms of the actual practical application ofthe policy decisions taken. Problem statement– Identifying and clearly specifyingthe reason for undertaking postal reform. This is anecessary step at the start of a PRP-driven postal reformproject and is documented in the PRP project charter,giving the specific mandate for policy advisory assistance inpostal reform. Policy evaluation– Monitoring, evaluation and annualreporting after the adoption and implementation ofthe policy instruments. The PRP operationalizes policyevaluation through its results framework, for which theobjectives, indicators and targets were established in thepolicy formulation stage. Policy formulation– Generating the policy optionsinformed by policy analysis. The PRP deliverablesencompass a draft policy content, includingrecommendations for implementation and a framework forpost-implementation evaluation of the measures taken. Postal reform canbe described as: Incremental Scope A process of modernization, bringing systems,working methods and services up to speed withcurrent knowledge and technologies No two postal reform projects are the same. Thereform goals define the extent of the envisaged policyintervention. There are many different ways in which the goal ofany reform project can be defined. The goals of postalreform can be formal and focused on the institutional,or the reform can have a specific substantive policyfocus. Reform can be narrowly defined (i.e. targeted),or it can be broad and cut across sectors. Reformgoals can be vertical (embedded in broader policygoals) or transversal (cutting across different sectors).Reform can vary from incremental to completelytransformative. Evolutionary Making gradual changes that build onexisting structures – core focus on addressinglongstanding problems or inefficiencies Structural Comprehensive changes having a wide impacton both all relevant sector stakeholders and theenvironment in which they operate Transformative A