创新崛起：提升中欧和东欧的就业机会和增长潜力（英）2026

Lifting Central and Eastern Europe’sJobs and Growth Potential INNOVATIONRI S I N G Lifting Central and Eastern Europe’sJobs and Growth Potential © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank1818 H StreetNW Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank Group with externalcontributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed inthis work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Boardof Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data includedin this work. The cutoff period for the data contained in this reportis October 15, 2025. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and otherinformation shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment onthe part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory orthe endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions.The material in this work is subject to copyright.Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, thiswork may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposesas long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights andlicenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add thefollowing disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was notcreated by The World Bank and should not be considered an official WorldBank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content orerror in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation ofthis work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views andopinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of theauthor or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The WorldBank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily owneach component of the content contained within the work. The WorldBank, therefore, does not warrant that the use of any third-party ownedindividual component or part contained in the work will not infringe onthe rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from suchinfringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component ofthe work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission isneeded for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner.Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures,or images. Cover design, layout design and typesetting:Piotr Ruczynski, London, United Kingdom Contents Acknowledgements7Abbreviations8Regional groupings9 Executive Summary10 CHAPTER 1 A Fragile Recovery on Shifting Ground12 Recovery is fragile amid structural weakness and geopolitical risks13The EU labor market is creating more jobs and shifting toward servicesand technology sectors28Poverty reduction EU-wide masks lingering regional disparities32 CHAPTER 2 Fit for the Future: A growth agendafor Central and Eastern Europe in a changing EU35 In a shifting global landscape, increased investment in high-risk,high-technology sectors are increasingly important for EU competitiveness38Europe’s competitiveness is increasingly shaped by regional disparitiesin innovation capacity42 CHAPTER 3 From Catch-up to Leadership.How can 4CEE countries seize an innovation edge?53 A systemic approach is needed to fine-tune the complex interactions thatdrive innovation and technology adoption54On the demand side, firm capabilities and startup ecosystems remainunderdeveloped, limited by sectoral specialization patterns58Strengthening skills and science-industry collaboration can overcomesupply-side bottlenecks62Improving enablers for capital and knowledge accumulation could expandinnovation potential66The way forward: Targeted action to strengthen innovation in the 4CEEs78 Annex AChapter 1 supplementary data82Annex BChapter 2 additional data85Annex CChapter 3 background data and detailed analysis90 References97 Boxes 1.15Core inflation eased to 2.3% in August2025 in the EU171.16The ECB’s rapid pace outruns most pasteasing efforts181.17…and widens the gap with global peers18B1.1.1The euro has surged against the U.S. dollar…18B1.1.2…reflecting ongoing capital shifts from U.S.assets18B1.1.3European markets are seeing substantialcapital inflows191.18Private credit growth has been above EuroArea levels in 2025, except for Bulgaria andPoland201.19Average current account positionsimproved in most regions throughout 2024211.20EU goods trade balances continued toimprove in 2025…211.21…boosted by frontloaded exports to the U.S.21B1.2.1The United States is one of the EU’s largesttrading partners23B1.2.2Sectoral vul