先进制造：协调战略和改进机构审查有助于机构实现国家目标

June2025 Aligning Strategiesand Improving AgencyReviews Could Help June 2025 Highlights ADVANCED MANUFACTURING Aligning Strategies and Improving Agency ReviewsCould Help Institutes Achieve National Goals Highlights ofGAO-25-107369, a report tocongressionalcommittees Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found The Departments of Commerce, Defense (DOD), and Energy (DOE) coordinatethe Manufacturing USA Program and sponsor its institutes. Institute members,such as manufacturers and universities, help fund the institutes and conductadvanced manufacturing research and development (R&D) and workforcetraining. Key changes to the Program since FY 2019 included establishing newinstitutes—expanding the network from 14 to 17, as of December 2024. Also, Advanced manufacturing uses cutting-edge tools, methods, and materials tocreate high-value products, such as 3-D-printed aircraft parts. Congressestablished the Manufacturing USAProgram in 2014 to stimulate U.S. Congress included a provision for GAOto report periodically on theManufacturing USA Program. Thisreport examines Program changes Commerce led the update of the strategic plan for the Manufacturing USAProgram released in October 2024. However, Commerce officials describedchallenges. Specifically, the planning cycle required in statute does not align withmandatory 4-year updates to the National Strategy for Advanced Manufacturing. The 17 institutes generally increased their overall funding, memberships,technical capabilities, and activity on R&D and workforce training projects. Ingeneral, the institutes diversified their funding sources away from sponsoringagency baseline funding by also obtaining other federal funding, such as federal GAO reviewed documents and datafrom the agencies and 17 institutesand interviewed agency officials andrepresentatives of six institutes and 22members. GAO selected agencies’ What GAO Recommends GAOrecommends Congress consideramending certain statutoryrequirements to better alignManufacturing USA’s strategic GAO recommends that DOD and DOEtrack timeframes for reviewing projectfunding or membership applicationrequests and analyze the information The six selected institutes and 22 members GAO interviewed describedinstitutes’ progress toward developing new technologies, building supply chainresilience, or other advanced manufacturing goals. However, they identifiedchallenges, including long, uncertain timeframes for DOD and DOE to review For more information, contact Hilary Benedictatbenedicth@gao.gov. Contents Tables Table 1: Funding Received by Manufacturing USA Institutes inFiscal Years (FY) 2019 through 2023 (millions of dollars,inflation adjusted to FY 2023)19Table 2: Annual Number of Active Projects at Manufacturing USAInstitutes, by Sponsoring Agency, Fiscal Years (FY) 2019through 202321Table 3: Annual Number of Members of Manufacturing USAInstitutes, by Sponsoring Agency, Fiscal Years (FY) 2019through 202322Table 4: Percentage of Manufacturing USA Institute Members, byType of Entity, March 2020 and June 202422Table 5: Number of Manufacturing USA Institutes ReportingSubstantial Changes in Fiscal Years (FY) 2019 through Figures Figure 1: Manufacturing USA Network of Institutes by SponsoringAgency, as of December 2024Figure 2: Performance Periods for Sponsoring Agencies’ Financial 441 G St. N.W.Washington, DC 20548 June 4, 2025 Congressional Committees Advanced manufacturing—which combines cutting-edge tools, methods,and materials in the design and fabrication of high-value products andcomponents—can reduce costs and raise productivity by enabling flexibleand customizable manufacture of goods. The resulting products are wide-ranging, from replacement parts produced on demand for military aircraftto human skin regrown from burn victims’ own cells. The flexibility of In recent decades, the U.S. has lagged behind other nations in theproduction of semiconductors and other advanced technology products. The U.S. trade deficit in advanced technology goods exceeded $200billion in 2023.1Furthermore, the U.S. risks falling behind China in Laws, such as the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Actof 2014 (as first enacted, the original RAMI Act, and as amended, the RAMI Act), have sought to reverse such trends.3The RAMI Act directsthe Secretary of Commerce to establish the Manufacturing USA Programto stimulate U.S. leadership in advanced manufacturing research,innovation, and technology and to accelerate development of theadvanced manufacturing workforce, among other purposes.4The actdirects the Secretary of Commerce to do so mainly by establishing a Each of the 17 institutes was established by a federal department. TheDepartment of Commerce sponsors one institute; the Department ofDefense (DOD) sponsors nine institutes; and the Department of Energy(DOE) sponsors seven institutes. Because these departments havegenerally maintained their sponsorship of the institutes, we refer to themherein as sponsoring