生物多样性急剧下降

SUSTAINABILITYNO.2/2026 Alarming Decline Insights to the value of ecosystem service for the economyDr. Christoph Biehl ›Biodiversity policy should be treated as coreeconomic policy, not only as environmentalpolicy. Governments should explicitly frame ›Disclosure requirements should be action-ena-bling, not as box-ticking exercises. Standard-ised, decision-useful reporting should focus ondependencies and impacts, improve compara- ›Climate change mitigation and adaptation, andbiodiversity protection and restoration should ›Policy should target the five direct drivers of bi-odiversity loss at the level necessary. Useglobal tools where drivers are global (e.g., cli-mate mitigation) and (hyper-) local tools where ›Regulation should prioritise real-world out-comes and close the door for narratives thatamount togreenwashing. Claims such as“nature positive” should require site-level evi- ›Policy design and delivery should actively pro-mote multi-stakeholder approaches and in-clude especially indigenous peoples and local ›Implementation of the Kunming–MontrealGlobal Biodiversity Framework should bestrengthened through monitoring and ac-countability. Countries should build robust na- Table of Contents Why the buzz about biodiversity loss?...............................................................3 What is causing biodiversity loss?......................................................................3 Addressing climate change means addressing biodiversity loss.......................................................4 Biodiversity “net-positive”: A meaningful concept or a marketing tool?............................................6 Landscape of legislation, regulation and political action................................6 A global political framework on biodiversity.........................................................................................7CBD-COP16 (2024)....................................................................................................................................7COP30 (2025)............................................................................................................................................7European Union........................................................................................................................................8 Case Study dependencies: Understanding how a threat to biodiversity is a threat to the corebusiness model.......................................................................................................................................10 Where to from here?...........................................................................................11 Imprint..................................................................................................................15 Why the buzz about biodiversity loss? Biodiversity underpins all life on Earth, yet current trends show a rapid and accelerating deteriora-tion of ecosystems globally across all regions and biomes. According to the latestIntergovernmen-tal Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(IPBES) Global Assessment report(2019), nature is declining at rates unprecedented in human history, driven by land-use change, One million species face risk of extinction, many within decades, unless transformative action istaken. This decline affects not only wild species but the ecosystem functions that sustain food It is important to note that biodiversity loss is not a distant threat, as its impacts are already visi-ble. The IPBES Global Assessment shows that ecosystems have declined in extent and conditionby an average of 47per centcompared with their natural baselines (IPBES 2019). The latest IPBESBusiness and Biodiversity Assessment (2026) shows that this includes severe degradation in for-ests, wetlands, coral reefs and agricultural landscapes. The capacity of nature to support human- The following will explore how current developments in business, finance, and policy action can What is causing biodiversity loss? “Our two-century-long experiment with burning fossil fuels, destroying forests, wilderness, and oceans, (UN Secretary-General António Guterres during his speech at the COP15 in 2021) Understanding biodiversity loss means understanding that it isan immediatethreatwith perceiv-ableimpacts. What is driving this unprecedented loss in biodiversity and how can it be stopped The IPBES1defines five primary drivers of biodiversity loss (in order of impact): 1.Changes in land and sea use:habitat loss or alteration, especially from agriculture, urban 2.Direct exploitation of organisms:harvesting, logging, hunting, fishing and other extraction 3.Climate change:globalwarming, extreme events and impacts on species distribution and 4.Pollution:air, water and soil pollution, including plastics, chemicals and greenhouse gases 5.Invasive alien species:species introduced by humans that spread and harm native biodiver- The