欧洲行业临床试验的经济影响

The economic impact of industryclinical trials across Europe A report for the European Federation ofPharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) February 2026 Executive summary3Introduction51: Benefits to the European economy82: Benefits from R&D spillovers113: Benefits from workforce productivity124: Summary of benefits135: Potential benefits from increasing industry clinical trials14Strengthening Europe’s position in global life sciences innovation19References and data sources20Technical annexe23 Industry clinical trials deliver significant value to the European economy, contributingto€35.7 billion in Gross Value Added across Europe each year Clinical trials are vital in supporting the development of healthcare innovations, including new medicines and vaccines. Clinical trials createbenefits for patients, healthcare systems and the economy. Frontier Economics was commissioned by the European Federation ofPharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) to explore the value of industry clinical trials to the European economy andsociety. Gross Value Added (GVA) created by industry clinical trials across the European Economic Area (EEA) in 2025 Industry clinical trials generate€21.7billion of GVAacross the EEA each year.This activity supported over165,000 jobsacross Europe, including over45,000clinicalresearch jobs and over120,000jobsassociated with indirect and induced impacts. R&D spillover benefits from clinical research generate an additional€3.6billion of GVA. Industry clinical trials could contribute €4.0–17.9 billion more in GVA if the numberof trials increases We model 3 alternative ‘what if’ scenarios of increasing the number of clinical trials by11.1%(in line with the EMA target1),25%(increasingback to the 2013 level) and50%(to ‘catch up’ with growth in China and North America). Introduction Clinical trials across Europe Industryclinical trials are a cornerstone of medical innovation,enabling thedevelopmentofnewmedicinesandvaccineswhiledeliveringtangiblebenefitsforpatients,healthcaresystemsandEurope’seconomy(EFPIA2025a): Industry clinical trials across Europe 4,527 ▪Patients:earlyaccesstonewmedicines,typically5-10yearsbeforelaunch;▪Healthcaresystems:€1-1.5billionannualinsavings andresearch-relatedrevenue,alongsideimprovedworkforceretention;▪Theeconomy:high-valueemployment,investmentandinnovation. AcrossEurope,inthe3yearstoJanuary2025atotalof8,521clinicaltrialswereauthorised(EuropeanCommission2025),ofwhich: ▪3,236weremulti-nationalindustry(commercial)trials;and▪1,291weremono-nationalindustry(commercial)trials. In2023,over315,000patientswereenrolledonindustryclinicaltrialswhicheitherinvolvedanEEAcountry(over225,000patients)orwereEEA-onlytrials(over89,000patients)(IQVIA2024). European share of globaltrials in 2023, down from22% in 2013 12% Despitethis strong base,Europe’s global position has weakened.While thenumberofindustryclinicaltrialsworldwideincreasedby38%between2013and2023,Europe’ssharefellfrom22%to12%(IQVIA2024). Againstthisbackdrop,EFPIAcommissionedFrontierEconomicstoassesstheeconomicandsocietalvalueofindustryclinicaltrialsinEurope. Introduction Why the location of clinical trials matters Whereindustryclinicaltrialsareconductedmatters.TrialsconductedinEuropebenefitpatientsthroughearlieraccesstoinnovativetreatments,whilealsogeneratingdirecteconomicvalueandstrengtheninghealthcaresystemsandthewiderlifesciencesecosystem. Evidenceshowsthathospitalsengagedinclinicalresearchachievebetterpatientoutcomes,whilecliniciansinvolvedinresearchdemonstrategreaterawarenessandfasteradoptionofnewlylicensedtreatments(RoyalCollegeofPhysicians2021;Lublóy2014).Thebenefitsofresearchactivityalsoextendbeyondindividualtrialsites:research-activecliniciansfosteracultureofinnovation,supportingmorerigoroustreatmentdecision-makingacrosshealthcaresystems(Majumdaretal.2008;Downingetal.2017). Thesefindingsarereinforcedbyasystematicreviewof86studiesacross12countries,whichfoundlargelypositiveeffectsofresearchengagementonhealthcareoutcomesforpatients(Boazetal.2024). Takentogether,theevidencehighlightshowdeliveringindustryclinicaltrialsinEuropecontributestobetterhealth outcomes,improvedworkforceproductivityand,ultimately,highereconomicoutput. Benefits of delivering industry clinical trials to local healthcare systems and populations Introduction Overview of analysis Thisworkexploredfoureconomicimpactsofindustryclinicaltrials: Economic impacts considered in this report ▪Grossvalueadded(GVA)impact,includinginvestmentdirectlyinclinicalresearch(directimpact),relatedimpactsondemandforthesupplychainsupportingthis research(indirect impact)and the impact of knock-onincreasesinthelevelofhouseholdincome,someofwhichwillbere-spentongoodsandservices(inducedimpact). GVA impact, including:DirectIndirectInduced ▪Employmentimpact,duetoadditionaljobscreatedbytheGVAimpact. ▪Research and Development(R&D)spillover impact,due to clinicalresearchactivitiescreatingknowledge,products,andprocesseswhichcanbeusedb