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GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of global mobileoperator data, analysis and forecasts, and publisher ofauthoritative industry reports and research. Our data coversevery operator group, network and MVNO in every countryworldwide – from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. It is the mostaccurate and complete set of industry metrics available,comprising tens of millions of individual data points,updated daily. The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments and societalchange. Our vision is to unlock the full power of connectivityso that people, industry and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across the mobileecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMA delivers for itsmembers across three broad pillars: Connectivity for Good,Industry Services and Solutions, and Outreach. This activityincludes advancing policy, tackling today’s biggest societalchallenges, underpinning the technology and interoperabilitythat make mobile work, and providing the world’s largestplatform to convene the mobile ecosystem at the MWC andM360 series of events. GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators, vendors,regulators, financial institutions and third-party industryplayers, to support strategic decision-making and long-term investment planning. The data is used as an industryreference point and is frequently cited by the media and bythe industry itself. We invite you to find out more atgsma.com Our team of analysts and experts produce regular thought-leading research reports across a range of industry topics. www.gsmaintelligence.cominfo@gsmaintelligence.com The African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) isa premier research-to-policy institution, generating evidence,strengthening research and related capacity in the Africanresearch and development ecosystem, and engaging policyto inform action on health and development. The Center isAfrica-based and African-led, with its headquarters in Nairobi,Kenya, and a West Africa Regional Office (WARO) in Dakar,Senegal. APHRC seeks to drive change by developing strongAfrican research leadership and promoting evidence-informeddecision-making (EIDM) across sub-Saharan Africa. Genesis Analytics is a global African impact firm that hasworked in more than 115 countries across the world. Theirroots are firmly in Africa, having worked in 52 countries onthe continent. Their purpose as a firm is to unlock valuethrough seeking solutions with our clients. The foundation ofGenesis’ distinctive delivery are the technical skills and deepsector knowledge which they have developed through theirwork in the area between the market and the state. Their rolehas been to conduct and implement this research. External contributors: Authors Safaricom, APHRC, Singapore National University HospitalAnthony Mveyange, Director of Programs - SynergyAgnes Kiragga, Head, Data Science ProgramMamadou Diallo, Head of Policy, Engagement,and Communications (PEC) Jacqui Watson, Digital Health Lead, Genesis AnalyticsPascal Okechukwu, Senior Associate, Genesis AnalyticsChloe von Widdern, Senior Associate, Genesis AnalyticsNokulunga Twala, Analyst, Genesis AnalyticsSarah Progund, Analyst, Genesis AnalyticsKenechi Okeleke, Senior Director, GSMA IntelligenceShroug Ganawa, Senior Analyst, GSMA IntelligenceHarry Fernando Aquije Ballon, Economist, GSMA IntelligenceVivek Gautam, Analyst, GSMA Intelligence Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Head of International ProgramsBenjamin Makai, Technology 4 Development LeadViolet Njuguna, Product Manager, Safaricom Acknowledgement:Wewouldlike to acknowledge thecontribution of the GSMA Africa team, Appy Saúde, Capsele,Bowmans, mPharma, LXE Group, Helium Health, Audere,Ilara Health, Huawei, AU-ECOSOCC, Pan African Parliament,Africa CDC, Africa Peer Review Mechanism and AUDA-NEPAD.Your input has been invaluable in identifying and shaping theinsights and analysis presented in this report. Contents Executive summary41. Introduction: the confluence of healthcare and technology72. Understanding the healthcare and digital health landscape in Africa113. The opportunity of digital health314. Measures to realise the digital health opportunity in Africa52Annex 1. Digital Health Maturity Index62Annex 2. Case studies67Annex 3. Digital Health Maturity scores for all African countries97Annex 4. Methodology and scenarios99 Preface The healthcare landscape is rapidly evolving, withtechnology playing an increasingly significant role in servicedelivery. Digital health is transforming traditional practicesto provide more efficient, personalised and accessiblecare, and technological and connectivity advancementsoffer unprecedented capabilities in data transmission andnetwork performance. This convergence has the potentialto revolutionise the healthcare industry by addressinglong-standing challenges and enabling innovative solutions. This report explores the relations