Contents ForewordExecutive SummaryKey RecommendationsFurther Considerations for Enhancing India’s Investment LandscapeLooking Ahead Foreword Shri B.V.R. SubrahmanyamCEO, NITI Aayog Chris HaywardPolicy Chairman, City of London Corporation This report provides a compelling case for change. It identifiespractical steps to make Indian infrastructure projects moreinvestible, including a new Project Assessment Frameworkdeveloped to align with global standards. It highlights theimportance of risk transparency, sustainability, and a shift in I may add that this work comes at a critical juncture for India,as we expand our infrastructure footprint in line with theambitions of the National Infrastructure Pipeline and GatiShakti. The collaboration with UK stakeholders has providedvaluable insights into how we can further enhance project India has been steadfast in its commitment to creating asustainable and resilient infrastructure ecosystem thatsupports inclusive economic growth. As we continue to pursue India is one of the world’s most exciting investmentdestinations — a rapidly growing economy with ambitiousinfrastructure goals and a clear commitment to sustainability. The UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB) waslaunched on 12th September 2023 under the Joint Statementof the 12th Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD) betweenIndia and the UK, followed by the subsequent exchangeof letters between NITI Aayog and the City of LondonCorporation in September 2024 in London. It is a timelyinitiative that reflects our continued efforts to foster cross- The UK India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB) is afirst-of-its-kind initiative designed to meet this challenge —by matching India’s infrastructure needs with global capitaland UK expertise in sustainable project finance. This report I congratulate the teams at NITI Aayog, the City of LondonCorporation, and our technical and sectoral partners fortheir work in advancing this initiative. I appreciate thecontinued support of stakeholders from both countries who The UKIIFB is emblematic of the type of high-impact, practicalcooperation that will define the UK-India relationship inthe years ahead. This work supports India’s $4.5 trillion Led jointly by the City of London Corporation and NITI Aayog,and supported by an expert working group drawn from bothcountries, the UKIIFB is helping to unlock investment intostrategic sectors such as roads and rapid transit. At its coreis a shared recognition: international investors need clarity, I request policymakers, investors, and practitioners to carefullyconsider the findings of this report and work together tounlock India’s infrastructure potential. I am confident that We thank all contributors to this first-year programme and lookforward to building on this foundation. The opportunity aheadis immense. Together, we can drive capital where it is needed Executive Summary India’s dynamic growth trajectory calls for an estimated $4.5trillion investment in infrastructure by 2030, encompassingcost escalations, green initiatives, and transformativeprojects like 100 smart cities and enhanced connectivity.Major projects are increasingly drawing international privatesector interest, particularly in centrally owned, operationalbrownfield and yellowfield initiatives. While internationalinvestment in renewables remains focused on photovoltaicsolar and wind energy, greenfield projects face challenges in The UK brings deep and distinctive strengths to thechallenge of infrastructure investment. As a global hubfor project finance, legal services, institutional investment,and green finance, the UK has decades of experiencestructuring complex, large-scale infrastructure deals thatdeliver long-term value. Its regulatory frameworks, riskallocation models, and public-private partnership expertiseare internationally recognised and widely emulated. The UK This report marks the first year of the UK-India Infrastructure FinancingBridge (UKIIFB) and comprises a set of insights and recommendationsthat have been surfaced from Working Group deliberations, as well as a India is fast emerging as the world’s fourth largest economyand is pegged to be the fastest growing major globaleconomy. Sustainable infrastructure is critical for India’seconomic trajectory - while fulfilling its net-zero climatecommitments. The UKIIFB has been established to build India’s infrastructure demand is underpinned by rapidurbanisation, and a large rising middle class, resulting insubstantial infrastructure deficits and opportunities. India’sfocus on global priorities, including energy transition andsustainability, has further increased its appeal to investors. This report examines how India can capitalise on thepromise of scale and returns, and the critical steps that needto be taken in order to engage the international finance There was also some acknowledgement from stakeholdersthat perception played a role in their dimmed enthusiasmfor Indian proje