重新思考AI主权：通过战略投资提升竞争力的路径

Rethinking AI Sovereignty:Pathways to Competitivenessthrough Strategic Investments W H I T EP A P E RJ A N U A R Y2 0 2 6 Contents Foreword3Executive summary41Investment patterns across the AI value chain51.1Historical investments in the AI value chain61.2Investment trends in key AI value chain elements92AI infrastructure as the backbone for driving AI competitiveness112.1Global AI infrastructure investment trends122.2AI infrastructure challenges and strategic approaches143Different paths towards AI competitiveness16Pathway 1: From selective players to ecosystem builders21Pathway 2: From adoption accelerators to ecosystem builders22Pathway 3:From emerging collaborators to ecosystem buildersvia adoption accelerators22Pathway 4:From emerging collaborators to ecosystem buildersvia selective players24Pathway 5: From emerging collaborators to ecosystem builders244Key considerations for policy-makers25Conclusion27Contributors28Endnotes30 Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forumbut whose results do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.©2026 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system. Foreword Cathy LiHead, Centre for AIExcellence; Member ofthe Executive Committee,World Economic Forum Florian Mueller Senior Partner and Head,AI, Insights & Solutions forEurope, Middle East andAfrica, Bain & Company The approach Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming thedefining capability of the 21st century, reshapingeconomies, redrawing industrial boundaries andredefining the nature of competitiveness andsovereignty in the world. It is no longer just atechnology but a driver of productivity, innovationand geopolitical influence. Economies that buildstrong foundations and make strategic investmentstoday will define the trajectory of the intelligenteconomy for decades to come. This white paper,Rethinking AI Sovereignty:Pathways to Competitiveness through StrategicInvestments, emerges from the World EconomicForum’s AI Global Alliance’s work on AIcompetitiveness, in collaboration with Bain &Company. It builds on the Forum’s January 2025white paper,Blueprint for Intelligent Economies: AICompetitiveness through Regional Collaboration,and will be followed by targeted publicationsdetailing how to build different elements ofsovereign AI ecosystems and AI competitiveness. Why now? We provide a new approach to AI sovereignty:one that prioritizes strategic control and resilienceover rigid self-sufficiency, and explores howeconomies can strengthen their AI competitivenessthrough deliberate investment choices, strategicAI infrastructure development, and AI deployment,as well as trusted alliances. What began as a race for innovation has evolvedinto a race for AI infrastructure – economiesare competing to strengthen control, secure AIcompetitiveness and determine who sets the rules,captures value and sustains long-term advantage.While data centres continue to attract a significantshare of AI investments, many economies aregrappling with a more fundamental question: howto participate meaningfully in this accelerating race.At the same time, waiting for clarity is not an option.Failing to act risks widening AI and economicgaps between markets. At this critical juncture,economies must rethink their approach to AIsovereignty and determine how to invest wisely. This paper is a call to action to shape a futurewhere AI sovereignty serves as a shared engine ofgrowth, ensuring strategic control while enabling alleconomies to benefit from the advances of AI. Weinvite policy-makers and business leaders to rethinkAI sovereignty and join us in advancing global AIcompetitiveness, empowering every economy tothrive in the intelligent era. Executive summary In the race for AI competitiveness,economies must pursue AI infrastructure,interoperability, policy and partnershipsto build lasting competitive advantages. Invest wisely – not everywhere –and with a long-term vision AI sovereignty is emerging as one key elementof long-term competitiveness. AI sovereignty refersto the ability of economies to shape, deploy andgovern AI ecosystems in accordance with their ownvalues, whilst ensuring strategic and operationalcontrol, flexibility and, ultimately, resilience througha combination of localized investment and trustedinternational collaboration. In practice, AI sovereigntyagendas reflect economies’ strategic prioritiesto strengthen AI capabilities, aiming to reducedependence on foreign entities, protect nationalinterests and enhance competitiveness. Sev