重新思考人工智能主权：通过战略投资提升竞争力的路径

Rethinking AI Sovereignty:Pathways to Competitiveness W H I T EP A P E R Images:Adobe Stock Contents Foreword Executive summary 1Investment patterns across the AI value chain 1.1Historical investments in the AI value chain1.2Investment trends in key AI value chain elements 2AI infrastructure as the backbone for driving AI competitiveness 2.1Global AI infrastructure investment trends2.2AI infrastructure challenges and strategic approaches 3Different paths towards AI competitivenessPathway 1: From selective players to ecosystem buildersPathway 2: From adoption accelerators to ecosystem builders 4Key considerations for policy-makers Conclusion Contributors Endnotes Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated and ©2026 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopying Foreword Florian MuellerSenior Partner and Head,AI, Insights & Solutions forEurope, Middle East and Cathy LiHead, Centre for AIExcellence; Member ofthe Executive Committee,World Economic Forum Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming thedefining capability of the 21st century, reshapingeconomies, redrawing industrial boundaries andredefining the nature of competitiveness andsovereignty in the world. It is no longer just atechnology but a driver of productivity, innovation The approach This white paper,Rethinking AI Sovereignty:Pathways to Competitiveness through StrategicInvestments, emerges from the World EconomicForum’s AI Global Alliance’s work on AIcompetitiveness, in collaboration with Bain &Company. It builds on the Forum’s January 2025white paper,Blueprint for Intelligent Economies: AI Why now? What began as a race for innovation has evolvedinto a race for AI infrastructure – economiesare competing to strengthen control, secure AIcompetitiveness and determine who sets the rules,captures value and sustains long-term advantage.While data centres continue to attract a significantshare of AI investments, many economies aregrappling with a more fundamental question: how We provide a new approach to AI sovereignty:one that prioritizes strategic control and resilienceover rigid self-sufficiency, and explores howeconomies can strengthen their AI competitivenessthrough deliberate investment choices, strategic This paper is a call to action to shape a futurewhere AI sovereignty serves as a shared engine ofgrowth, ensuring strategic control while enabling alleconomies to benefit from the advances of AI. Weinvite policy-makers and business leaders to rethinkAI sovereignty and join us in advancing global AI Executive summary In the race for AI competitiveness,economies must pursue AI infrastructure,interoperability, policy and partnerships Invest wisely – not everywhere –and with a long-term vision AI sovereignty is emerging as one key elementof long-term competitiveness. AI sovereignty refersto the ability of economies to shape, deploy andgovern AI ecosystems in accordance with their ownvalues, whilst ensuring strategic and operationalcontrol, flexibility and, ultimately, resilience througha combination of localized investment and trustedinternational collaboration. In practice, AI sovereignty Decisions made in the next few years will shapewho remains or becomes competitive in anAI-driven economy. Policy-makers can enableAI competitiveness by promoting focus andcollaboration, not full control. This means policy- –Identify strengthsand national advantagesthat can translate into AI capabilities. –Invest strategically, concentrating on areasof comparative advantage rather than spreading Based on investment patterns, however,“AI sovereignty” has been conflated with “AIinfrastructure” and data centres. While AIinfrastructure is a pressing concern for governmentsplacing big bets on AI, it is not the only decidingfactor. AI competitiveness depends equally on –Ensure interoperable AI infrastructuretoguarantee scalability, trust and resilience. –Partner strategically, tapping into alliancesto fill critical gaps instead of duplicating This paper advocates for a redefined approach toAI sovereignty – one that prioritizes strategic controland resilience over rigid self-sufficiency. Success inthe AI era will be determined not by isolation, butby strategic interdependence – balancing domesticinvestment in key AI infrastructure with international Different paths to competitiveness Every economy joins the AI race from a differentstarting point. While infrastructure-based AIsovereignty is out of reach for most economies,there are different paths to AI competitiveness. Thispaper describes several potential paths, tailored to The bottom line Policy-makers must support the developmentof intentional national AI strategies that focusin