从野火风险到韧性：行动的投资理由

W H I T EP A P E RJ A N U A R Y2 0 2 6 Contents Foreword3 Executive summary4 1Introduction to wildfire resilience5 2The wildfire stakeholder ecosystem12 3Building a framework for investing in resilience14 4Pathways for investment and action18 5Scaling wildfire resilience globally25 Conclusion27 Contributors28 Endnotes30 Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forumbut whose results do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders. ©2026 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system. Foreword Marc BenioffChair, CEO & Co-Founder,Salesforce Jonathan ReckfordCEO, Habitat for Humanity Wildfire risk is becoming one of the defining resiliencechallenges of our time. Across the world, longerfire seasons, more severe events and expandingexposure are reshaping communities and the naturallandscapes they depend on. Homes, forests, criticalinfrastructure and local economies are increasinglyvulnerable, placing families, workers and entireregions under sustained pressure. reactive models to long-term, coordinated action. Itcalls for community organizations, industry leaders,governments and philanthropies to work froma shared understanding of risk and to co-investin solutions that protect people and steward thenatural systems around them. We must developforward-looking risk reduction and risk-sharingmodels to create a sustainable, long-term solution. The World Economic Forum’s Global WildfireLeadership Network, part of the Forum’s Forest FutureAlliance (previously 1t.org), plays an important role inadvancing this mission. This white paper proposesa whole-of-society approach to accelerate recoveryand engage multiple stakeholders in preventing andmanaging catastrophic wildfires. It demonstrateshow coordinated action across sectors, leveragingdifferent financial and insurance mechanisms,technology, artificial intelligence (AI) and data, nature-based approaches and community-led coordination,can make prevention, mitigation and adaptationmore measurable, financeable and scalable. Across our respective organizations, we have seenthis challenge from different but complementaryperspectives. At Habitat for Humanity, our workwith wildfire-affected communities across the USshows how these disasters strain affordable housingsystems, deepen inequities and underscore the needfor a community resilience approach that strengthenspreparedness, mitigation and long-term recovery. At Salesforce, we are committed to investing inecosystem restoration and innovative solutionsto accelerate a nature-positive future, which isessential to long-term wildfire resilience. Thiseffort serves as a critical continuation of the globalambition set by 1t.org, recognizing that planting,growing and protecting trees is inseparable frommanaging the threat of wildfire. Wildfire resilience is ultimately about people andplanet, protecting lives and livelihoods, supportingsafe and sustainable communities, and safeguardingthe natural systems that sustain us all. Throughcollaboration and shared investment, we can build amore resilient future for generations to come. No single sector can meet this challenge alone.Building true resilience requires moving from these Executive summary Wildfires are outpacing current suppressioncapabilities and now pose a significant threat,requiring greater investment in fire prevention. Wildfire risk has entered a new era, with losses risingfaster than current systems can manage, placingwildfires among the most destructive and costlyclimate-driven threats of the 21st century. In 2024,tree cover loss in Brazil’s Amazon biome rose 110%compared to 2023, with fires accounting for 60%of the loss.1The January 2025 Los Angeles-areawildfires became one of the costliest wildfire eventson record, with Swiss Re Institute estimating insuredlosses of $40 billion.2 –Compound impacts: Smoke,13grid strain,14soiland watershed damage15often outlast flames,increasing risks of mudslides, debris flows andflooding,16while undermining public health,communities and economic development.17 –Wildfire–climate nexus: A climate–firefeedback loop emerges as wildfire emissionsaccelerate warming and fire risk, makingdeforestation prevention and stronger fireprevention essential climate mitigation andadaptation actions. Despite escalating losses, fire management spendingin many regions remains focused on suppressionand disaster response rather than prevention andplanning. As Los Angeles looks to rebuild, each $1invested in wildfire-resistant construction could savearound