从野火风险到韧性：行动的投资论证

W H I T EP A P E R Contents Foreword Executive summary 1Introduction to wildfire resilience2The wildfire stakeholder ecosystem3Building a framework for investing in resilience4Pathways for investment and action5Scaling wildfire resilience globallyConclusionContributorsEndnotes Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated and ©2026 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopying Foreword Marc BenioffChair, CEO & Co-Founder,Salesforce Jonathan ReckfordCEO, Habitat for Humanity Wildfire risk is becoming one of the defining resiliencechallenges of our time. Across the world, longerfire seasons, more severe events and expandingexposure are reshaping communities and the naturallandscapes they depend on. Homes, forests, critical reactive models to long-term, coordinated action. Itcalls for community organizations, industry leaders,governments and philanthropies to work froma shared understanding of risk and to co-investin solutions that protect people and steward the The World Economic Forum’s Global WildfireLeadership Network, part of the Forum’s Forest FutureAlliance (previously 1t.org), plays an important role inadvancing this mission. This white paper proposesa whole-of-society approach to accelerate recoveryand engage multiple stakeholders in preventing andmanaging catastrophic wildfires. It demonstrates Across our respective organizations, we have seenthis challenge from different but complementaryperspectives. At Habitat for Humanity, our workwith wildfire-affected communities across the USshows how these disasters strain affordable housing At Salesforce, we are committed to investing inecosystem restoration and innovative solutionsto accelerate a nature-positive future, which isessential to long-term wildfire resilience. Thiseffort serves as a critical continuation of the global Wildfire resilience is ultimately about people andplanet, protecting lives and livelihoods, supportingsafe and sustainable communities, and safeguardingthe natural systems that sustain us all. Through No single sector can meet this challenge alone.Building true resilience requires moving from these Executive summary Wildfires are outpacing current suppressioncapabilities and now pose a significant threat, Wildfire risk has entered a new era, with losses risingfaster than current systems can manage, placingwildfires among the most destructive and costlyclimate-driven threats of the 21st century. In 2024,tree cover loss in Brazil’s Amazon biome rose 110%compared to 2023, with fires accounting for 60% –Compound impacts: Smoke,13grid strain,14soiland watershed damage15often outlast flames,increasing risks of mudslides, debris flows and –Wildfire–climate nexus: A climate–firefeedback loop emerges as wildfire emissionsaccelerate warming and fire risk, making Despite escalating losses, fire management spendingin many regions remains focused on suppressionand disaster response rather than prevention andplanning. As Los Angeles looks to rebuild, each $1 –Protection gap: Between 2000 and 2023,around 56% of global wildfire losses wereuninsured,18as insurers withdraw from high- invested in wildfire-resistant construction could savearound $210 in avoided future economic losses.3 The solution framework Building long-term resilience requires investmentto move upstream and be measured, priced andfinanced over multiple years. The National Instituteof Building Sciences (NIBS) estimates that wildfire-focused measures such as wildland-urban interface(WUI) code compliance can deliver benefit-cost This paper presents the case for investing inwildfire prevention through loss avoidance. Itargues for scaling financial instruments that allowinvestors to earn returns from avoided losses andresilience investments. Four interconnected pillarsare proposed to make prevention, mitigation and Key challenges Path forward The Forum’s Global Wildfire Leadership Networkproposes a roadmap aligned to five priorities:setting common standards, mobilizing blendedfinance, investing in AI and open data systems, –Escalating fire risk: Rising temperatures anddrought result in dry fuels, intensifying fires andextending fire seasons across around 25% of –Human ignitions: Most US wildfires arehuman-caused,8while land-use changeand expansion of the WUI increase property Note: Unless otherwise noted, perspectivesand examples are drawn from interviews with –Urban exposure: Ember-driven ignition andradiant heat transform wildfires into urbanconflagrations, with structure-to-structure Introduction to As extreme wildfires intensify worldwide,the cost of inaction has never been greater. 1.1Current state of the world: signs of urgency Wildfire risk is rising