国会预算办公室截至2025年12月31日的近期出版物和在研工作

January 2026 To provide Congress with a comprehensive review of its work, the Congressional Budget Officepublishes quarterly reports that highlight the agency’s recent publications and summarize its workin progress.1Over the past three months, CBO has produced a variety of budget and economicanalyses, fulfilling the agency’s mission of supporting Congress during each stage of thelegislative process. The agency’s work takes many forms, including technical assistance tocommittees and Members when they are crafting legislation, cost estimates of legislation,testimonies, reports, and otheranalyticalproducts. A Brief Look at 2025 In calendar year 2025, CBO fulfilled thousands of Congressional requests for technicalassistance, published779cost estimates, and released102reports, working papers, and otheranalyticalproducts. For instance, CBOprovided technical assistance, estimates, and other analyses at every stage ofthe legislative process for the2025 reconciliationact(Public Law119-21),theContinuingAppropriations and Extensions Act, 2026(P.L. 119-37), andtheNational Defense AuthorizationAct for Fiscal Year 2026(P.L. 119-60). In addition, CBO releaseditsannual report onthe budget and economic outlookinJanuary. Theagencyupdated its annuallong-term budget projectionsin March andprovidedprojections underalternative scenariosfor the economy and the budgetinMay. CBO’s baseline budget andeconomic projections serve as a benchmark formany of the agency’s analyticalreports, workingpapers, and other published documents. Last year,CBO’s publications examined a variety oftopics, includingtheU.S. military’s forcestructure,emissions ofgreenhouse gasesfrom agriculture,the relationship between fiscal policychanges and near-term real GDP growth,the budgetary effects of tariffs, andgrowth in the 340BDrug PricingProgram. CBO aimed to promote a thorough understandingof those topics byclearly presenting its analyses and explaining the basis for them. All of thoseefforts were undertaken with the goal of providing information when it was mostuseful toCongress. Recent Cost Estimates Through its technical assistance andcost estimates,CBO provides Congress with informationabout the effects of proposed legislation on the federal budget. The agency is required by law toprepare a cost estimate for nearly every bill that is approved by a full Congressional committee ofthe House of Representatives or the Senate. The agency publishes cost estimates at other stages ofthe legislative process, too, if requested to do so by a relevant committee or by Congressionalleadership.CBO alsoestimates the budgetary effects ofbillsscheduled to be considered undersuspension of the rules in the House, a procedure sometimes used to consider legislation on theHouse floor in an expedited manner.2 This past quarter, the agency published166cost estimates, includingthe following: ■Acost estimatefor S. 1498, the Halting Ownership and Non-Ethical Stock Transactions Act,which would prohibit Members of Congress, the President, the Vice President,and theirspouses and dependent children from owning or trading certain financial assets.■Acost estimatefor S. 323, the PLAN for Broadband Act, which would require the NationalTelecommunications and Information Administration to develop a plan for improvingcoordination among federal agencies to expand access to broadbandinternetand to submitthat plan to Congress.■Acost estimatefor H.R. 580, the Unfunded Mandates Accountability and Transparency Actof 2025, which would require agencies that promulgate major rules—those with an annualeconomic effect of $100 million or more—to prepare and publish analysesof regulatoryeffectsthat would accompany the notice of proposed rulemaking and the final rule.■Acost estimatefor H.R. 5242, which would repeal two laws that reduced criminal penaltiesfor youth offenders in the District of Columbia.■Acostestimatefor H.R. 6703,the Lower Health Care Premiums for All Americans Act,which would establish new rules for association health plans, modify requirements forindividual and group health coverage, require contracts between plan sponsors and pharmacybenefitmanagers to meet certain standards, and appropriate funding for reductions in costsharing. RecentAnalytical Reports In addition to cost estimates, CBO has released9reports, testimonies, and other analyticalproducts since publishing its last quarterly report on the agency’s work in progress (seeTable 1on page6). CBOpresented testimony at two Congressional hearings: ■Testimonyonhow the agency supportedCongressduring the reconciliation processin2025and■Testimonyongrowth in the 340BDrug Pricing Programand its implications for the federalbudget. A numberof products providedupdated informationaboutthe federal budget and the short-termeconomic outlook: ■Anupdatetothe agency’s projections of the budgetary effects of tariffs as of November 15,2025,and■Three editions ofthe agency’sMonthly Budget Reviewof federal spending and revenues forthe pre