您的浏览器禁用了JavaScript(一种计算机语言,用以实现您与网页的交互),请解除该禁用,或者联系我们。[国际货币基金组织]:弥合未来的技能差距:人工智能时代创造新的就业机会(英) - 发现报告

弥合未来的技能差距:人工智能时代创造新的就业机会(英)

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弥合未来的技能差距:人工智能时代创造新的就业机会(英)

Bridging Skill Gaps forthe Future: New JobsCreation in the AI Age Prepared by FlorenceJaumotte, Jaden Kim, David Koll, Elmer Z. Li,Longji Li, Giovanni Melina, Alina Song, and Marina M. TavaresSDN/2026/001 IMF Staff Discussion Notes (SDNs)showcasepolicy-related analysis and research beingdeveloped by IMF staff members and arepublished to elicit comments and to encouragedebate.The views expressed in Staff DiscussionNotes are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily represent the views of the IMF,its Executive Board, or IMF management. SDN/2026/001 IMF Staff Discussion NotesResearch Department Bridging Skill Gaps for the Future: New Jobs Creationin the AI Age Prepared byFlorence Jaumotte,Jaden Kim, David Koll,Elmer Z. Li,Longji Li, Giovanni Melina,AlinaSong,andMarina M.Tavares* Authorized for distribution byPierre-Olivier GourinchasJanuary2026 IMF Staff Discussion Notes (SDNs)showcase policy-related analysis and research beingdeveloped by IMF staff members and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate.The views expressed in Staff Discussion Notes are those of the author(s) and do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management. ABSTRACT:The demandand supply ofnew skills—especially in IT and AI—are reshaping labor markets,impactingwages and hiring.About1in10jobvacanciesin advanced economies demands at least onenewskill, often appearing first in the United States.The incidence is about halfof thatin emergingmarketeconomies.These skills boostaveragewages and employmentbutdeepen polarization,mostly benefittinghigh-and—throughhigher consumption of services—low-skilled workers,and potentially contributing to theshrinkingof themiddleclass.Vacanciesdemanding AI skillspost higher wages,butthe diffusion of such skillsislinked to lower employment in occupationswithhigh exposure andlow complementaritytoAI, posingchallenges fortheyouth. A SkillImbalanceIndex reveals wide cross-countrydifferences. Economies facingstrong demand should prioritize education and reskilling, whilethose facing strong supplyshould foster firms’absorption through innovation and access to credit. Contents Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................................4I.Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................5II.A Dynamic Labor Market..................................................................................................................................7III.Economywide Return to New Skills..............................................................................................................15IV.The Demand and Supply of Skills.................................................................................................................21V.Conclusions and Policy Considerations......................................................................................................25Annex I.Data.......................................................................................................................................................28Annex II.Data and Methodology.........................................................................................................................32Annex III.Wage Regression.................................................................................................................................37Annex IV.Demand and Supply of New Skills.....................................................................................................38Annex V.Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis...................................................................................................42References..................................................................................................................................................................44BOXES1.The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on New Skills Demand.............................................................................27 FIGURES 1. A Dynamic Labor Market............................................................................................................................................82. New Skills.................................................................................................................................................................103. AI-Related New Skills...............................................................................................................................................114. Skill Diffusion Across Countries and within the United States..................................................................................135. The Return of New Skills.................................................................................................................................