工业5.0指数：各国如何重塑经济进步

01ExecutiveSummary3 02Ranking13 03CountryProfiles18 04Methodology71 05AboutTheArt75 01Executive Summary02Ranking03Country Profiles04Methodology05About The Art 02Ranking03Country Profiles04Methodology05About The Art •Industry 5.0 is a term for an aspirationalFifth Industrial Revolution,defined by placing human creativity and welfare, sustainability,and resilient systems at the center of business and governmentstrategies for the benefit of economies, societies, and the planet. Key insights •The combination of these elements canadd $1 trillion annuallyto global GDPin addition to technology-driven profits. It will requirecollaboration between governments and businesses, with supportivepolicies, regulations, and incentives aligning profit with societal good.Early adopters of Industry 5.0 principles can capture new profit poolsand avoid risks of stranded assets or regulatory drag. •The Industry 5.0 Index,created by the Oliver Wyman Forumand the University of California, Berkeley, measures the readinessof 92 countries across 30 metrics to capture the potential of theIndustry 5.0 era. Finland is the overall leader of the index thanksto its holistic investments in and top scores relating to workforceupskilling, sustainability, and digital and supply chain resilience.One such government initiative allocates roughly $3.6 billion until2027 to fund research, new technologies, and support policiesrelated to climate, industry, and job training. •Investing in workforce upskilling and AI augmentation is essentialto unlock productivity and attract and retain talent. Sweden, leaderof the Talent sub-index, has top scores relating to patents forhuman-machine collaboration, workforce participation in high-techindustries, and workforce training and upskilling initiatives. Onesuch government plan will invest roughly $700 million in upskillinginitiatives that center on health, life sciences, AI, and graduateschools for AI-related topics. •Sustainable practices can open new sources of cost savings,new market opportunities, and economic growth. The Netherlands,leader of the Sustainability sub-index, has high scores relating toenvironmental protection, patents for sustainable technologies, andcircular economy transition measures. The government’s 2030 circulareconomy program outlines more than 200 policy measures to halvethe use of primary raw materials by 2030. •Resilience in supply chains, digital infrastructure, cybersecurity,and continued innovation spending are critical strategic prioritiesgiven increasing global risks. South Korea, leader of the Resiliencesub-index, has leading scores relating to internet connectivitystrength, investment ecosystems for AI-related firms, andgovernment spending on research and development. One suchgovernment initiative announced in April 2025 plans to increaseresearch spending for AI solutions to a record $25.2 billion in 2026. How Nations CanRedefine EconomicProgress Every industrial revolution has propelled humanity forward in waysunimaginable. The first mechanized production, the second broughtelectrification, the third introduced automation, and the fourth’sdigitalization drove enormous gains in productivity — creating moreoutput in decades than in previous centuries combined. Now, artificial intelligence, robotics, and more sophisticated greentechnologies are spurring the next stage: Industry 5.0. With eachtechnological era, the pace of adoption quickened and the scaleexpanded. Industry 5.0 is on pace to break new ground: While it tookfour years for the internet to reach 50 million users, it took less thantwo months for a leading AI chatbot to do the same. Paceof innovation Internet50 millionusers in 4 years A leading AI chatbot50 millionusers in less than 2 months Earlier leaps also came with significant costs to society and our planet.The mills of the 18th century relied on child labor and dangerousworking conditions. The industrial expansions of the 19th and 20thcenturies brought environmental pollution and deep social inequalities.The digital age has also strained mental health and eroded privacy. Industry 5.0 can provide a “win-win-win” outcome. Today, governmentsand businesses have an unprecedented opportunity to create valuebeyond profits if new innovations are directed toward holisticsocio-economic impact, by embedding human-centricity, resilience,and sustainability into the fabric of economies. The combination of thethree can add $1 trillion in global GDP on top of the profits arising fromnew technologies. The Oliver Wyman Forum and the University of California, Berkeley,created the Industry 5.0 Index to help countries and businessesprepare for the future and this opportunity. The index complementsexisting global benchmarks by going beyond competitiveness andinnovation. The International Institute for Management Development’sWorld Competitiveness Ranking measures countries’ structuralfoundations that determine their ability to create successful economies.The Wor