四川盆地“十三五”规划以来油气勘探重大新进展与启示
四川盆地“十三五”规划以来油气勘探重大新进展与启示 文龙1杨雨2罗冰3谢继容1黄平辉4肖尧5赵容容6刘冉3王尉3 1.中国石油西南油气田公司2.中国石油油气和新能源公司3.中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院4.中国石油西南油气田公司川中北部采气管理处5.中国石油西南油气田公司致密油气勘探开发项目部6.中国石油西南油气田公司勘探事业部 摘要：四川盆地天然气开发历史悠久且资源丰富，聚集了多家油气公司开展油气勘探开发工作。中国石油西南油气田公司作为四川盆地油气勘探开发的主力军和引领者，“十三五”规划以来坚持“海陆并进、常非并举”的勘探思路，通过系统分析沉积构造演化特征与大型控藏地质单元形成规律，总结了海相与陆相油气勘探重大地质认识新进展，综合评价各领域油气勘探潜力，展望了“十五五”规划油气勘探方向。研究结果表明：①三大特提斯域构造演化控制了大型地质单元形成和演化，以古隆起、古裂陷、古侵蚀面及隆周坳陷为核心的大型地质单元控制了海相碳酸盐岩天然气和页岩气的勘探有利区带，并指出了以冲断带、坳陷带、隆起-斜坡带为方向的陆相致密油气资源有序分布规律；②基于区域地质评价，有效指导了“十三五”规划以来“安岳—蓬莱地区灯影组、川中茅口组、前陆盆地致密油气”等新领域的突破与发现，形成了“震旦系—下古生界、二叠系—三叠系、陆相致密气、龙马溪组深层页岩气、页岩气新层系”五大万亿立方米天然气资源勘探新阵地，实现了天然气规模探明增储，年均提交天然气探明储量3 050×108m3；③勘探实践揭示四川盆地地质与地理条件复杂性决定了地质规律认识与规模资源发现的周期长，储量增长呈现显著的“阶段脉冲性”特征，观念转变、认识突破和技术进步能带来油气勘探领域的大突破、大发现，进而引领了油气储产量的高峰增长。结论认为，研究结果支撑了油气勘探深度与广度的不断拓展，为该盆地持续实现天然气规模增储与高效转化指明了方向，为川渝地区千亿立方米油气生产基地建设夯实了油气资源基础。关键词：四川盆地；海相克拉通；陆相致密油气；勘探进展；勘探方向；勘探潜力；油气资源；勘探启示中图分类号：TE122.2文献标识码：ADOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2025.12.006 Oil and gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin since the 13thFive-Year Plan:Significant advances and implications WEN Long1, YANG Yu2, LUO Bing3, XIE Jirong1, HUANG Pinghui4, XIAO Yao5, ZHAO Rongrong6, LIU Ran3, WANG Wei (1.PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan610051,China;2.PetroChina Oil,Gas & New Energies Company,Beijing100007,China;3.Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan610095,China;4.Central-North Sichuan Gas Production Management Department,PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Suining,Sichuan629000,China;5.Tight Oil and Gas Exploration & Development Department,PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Suining,Sichuan629000,China;6.Exploration Division,PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan610095,China) Natural Gas Industry, vol.45, No.12, p.66-83, 12/25/2025. (ISSN 1000-0976; In Chinese) Abstract:The Sichuan Basin is abundant in natural gas resources and has a long history of natural gas development, attracting many oil andgas companies to carry out oil and gas exploration and development, work, with the PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company as the keyoperator and pioneer. Since the 13thFive-Year Plan, this company has made significant progress in petroleum exploration in the Sichuan Basin byfollowing the strategy of embracing a portfolio of onshore and offshore projects covering both conventional and unconventional resources. Througha systematic analysis of the evolutionary characteristics of sedimentary structures and the formation patterns of large-scale reservoir-controllinggeological units in the Sichuan Basin, this paper reviews the significant advances in geological understanding of marine and continental hydrocarbonexploration since the 13thFive-Year Plan, comprehensively evaluates the exploration potential in all fields, and outlines the directions of explorationduring the 15thFive-Year Plan period. The following results are obtained. First, the formation and evolution of large-scale geological units arecontrolled by the tectonic evolution of three major Tethyan domains. The favorable zones of marine carbonate and shale gas are governed by thelarge-scale geological units centered on paleouplifts, paleorifts, paleo-erosion surfaces, and depressions around uplifts. Additionally, the pattern oforderly continental tight oil/gas distribution towards thrust belts, depression belts, and slope-uplift belts is determined. Second, based on regionalgeological evaluations, some new exploration targets such as the Dengying Formation in the Anyue-Penglai area, the Maokou Formation in centralSichuan Basin, and tight oil and gas in foreland basins are effectively defined, and five major trillion-cubic-meter-scale gas exploration fronts takeshape, including Sinian–Lower Paleozoic, Permian–Triassic, continental tight gas, deep Longmaxi Formation shale gas, and new shale gas layers,which have led to the substantial growth of proven gas reserves, with an annual average reserve of 3 050×108m3. Third, according to the explorationpractices, the Sichuan Basin exhibits long cycles in understanding its geological characteristics and discovering a large quantity of resources owingto its complex geological and geographic conditions, and thus presents a remarkable "phased pulsing" characteristic in reserves growth. The ideatransformation, cognitive breakthrough and technical advancement will bring about significant progress and discovery in exploration, therebyleading to peak growth of reserves and production. In conclusion, this study comprehensively deepens the theoretical understanding of the wholepetroleum system in the Sichuan Basin, and continuously expands the depth and breadth of petroleum exploration. It points out the directionsof large-scale growth and efficient conversion of natural gas reserves in the Sichuan Basin, and helps to solidify the resource foundation for theconstruction of a hundred-billion-cubic-meter-scale oil and gas production base in the Sichuan-C
