实现安全且经济实惠的电力行业转型的灵活性（英）2026

© IRENA 2026 Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, providedthat appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyright holder. Material in this publication that is attributed ISBN:978-92-9260-712-8 Citation:IRENA (2026),Flexibility for a secure and affordable power sector transformation, InternationalRenewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. For further information or to provide feedback:publications@irena.org This report is available for download at:www.irena.org/publications About IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countriesin their transition to a sustainable energy future and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation,a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewableenergy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including AcknowledgementsThis report has been developed under the technical guidance of Norela Constantinescu and strategic guidance ofSimon Benmarraze (IRENA). This report was authored by Francisco Gafaro, Danial Saleem and Gayathri Nair. The report benefited from the reviews and inputs from IRENA colleagues – Adrian Gonzalez, Bilal Hussain, SaiedDardour, Sean Collins, Yasuhiro Sakuma, Begonia Figueroa and Paul Komor, and, as well as external experts – MarijaMiletić and Gonçalo Terça (European Commission JRC), Mentari Pujantoro (Agora Energiewende), Juha Kiviluoma(consultant IRENA), Dražen Balić ( Energy Institute Hrvoje Poža), and Mehul Patel (Adani Energy Solutions Limited Editorial co-ordination and production was provided by Francis Field with the support of Stephanie Clarke. Thereport was edited by Justin French-Brooks, with design by Phoenix Design Aid. IRENA is grateful for the voluntary contribution of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan in supportof this work. Disclaimer This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify thereliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its officials, agents, data or other third-party contentproviders provides a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any consequence The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mention of specific companiesor certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference to others of a similarnature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any CONTENTS GLOSSARY.............................................................................................................................. 6EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................ 71.ABOUT THIS BRIEF.............................................................................................................152.THE POWER SECTOR: AT THE CORE OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION..................................... 173.FLEXIBILITY AND GRIDS FOR RELIABLE AND AFFORDABLE ELECTRICITY............................194.THE NEED FOR FLEXIBILITY IN DIFFERENT FORMS AND TIMESCALES..................................21 FIGURES Figure ES1Estimated global flexibility needs in daily, weekly and monthly timescales under IRENA1.5°C Scenario............................................................................................................................................. 8Figure ES2Estimated global flexibility needs in daily, weekly and monthly timescales under IRENAPlanned Energy Scenario.......................................................................................................................... 9Figure ES3Estimated flexibility needs for G20 in daily, weekly and monthly timescales underIRENA 1.5°C Scenario............................................................................................................................. 10Figure ES4Estimated flexibility needs for G7 in daily, weekly and monthly timescales under IRENA1.5°C Scenario........................................................................................................................................... 11Figure ES5Influence of solar or wind share in VRE mix on flexibility needs in different timescales.. 12Figure ES6Impact of different flexibility solutions on the reduction of need in different timescalesbased on the case of decarbonisation in Africa in 2050.............................................................. 14Figure 1Decomposition of flexibility in different timescales, associated power systemoperational needs for flexibility, flexibilit