经合组织人工智能能力指标技术报告

Educational Research and Innovation OECD AI Capability Indicators Technicalreport This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily refl ect the official views of theMember countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name ofany territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem andIsraeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. This document was produced with the fi nancial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed hereincan in no way be taken to refl ect the official opinion of the European Union. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2025),OECD AI Capability Indicators Technical Report,OECD Publishing, Paris,https://doi.org/10.1787/9cdb3dd1-en. Photo credits: Cover design on the basis of images from © Vasilyev Alexandr / Shutterstock Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at:https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html. © OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, youaccept to be bound by the terms of this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution– you must cite the work. Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text: In the event of any discrepancybetween the original work and the translation, only the text of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text: This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. Theopinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD orof its Member countries. Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible forobtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Acknowledgements This publication was planned anddeveloped by the OECD’s Artificial Intelligence and Future of Skillsproject team–Stuart Elliott (Project lead), Abel Baret, Shivi Chandra, Marc Fuster-Rabella, Brianna Jesme,Margarita Kalamova, Aurelija Masiulytė, Sam Mitchell, Nóra Révai, Gianluca Risi, Mila Staneva and ChiSum Tse. This publication would not have been possible without the invaluable contributions of the renownedcomputer scientists and psychologists who are supporting the project. Wewould like to express our gratitude to the expertauthorswho developed the first OECD AI CapabilityIndicators (in alphabetical order): Ana Teresa Antunes, Joana Brito, Regina de Brito Duarte, Kexin-JiangChen, Anthony G. Cohn, Henrique Correia da Fonseca, Haohua Dong, Nicholas C. Georgiou, Miguel Faria,António M. Fernandes, Robert B. Fisher, Kenneth D. Forbus, Giorgio Franceschelli, Jonathan Francis,Arthur C. Graesser, Yvette Graham, José Hernández-Orallo, Cherie Ho, Ryota Kanai, Patrick Kyllonen,Christian Lebiere, Inês Lobo, Christopher Lochhead, Rebecca Martin, Elena R. Messina, Mirco Musolesi,Jean Oh, Ana Paiva, Rui Prada, Rebecca Ramnauth, Swen Ribeiro, Brian Scassellati and Ana VilaçaCarrasco. Second, we would like to thank the experts who provided reviews or advice on the development of theIndicators (in alphabetical order): Phillip L. Ackerman, John Anderson, Guillaume Avrin, Eva L. Baker,Chandra Bhagavatula, Oliver Bown, Adrien Doerig, Angelo Cangelosi, Lucy Cheke, Emmanuel Chemla,HenrikI.Christensen, Michael Cohen, Ernest Davis, Charles Fadel, Dan Gutfreund, David Hogg, JonathanGratch, Sam Johnson, Zeid Kootbally, Noémie Le Donné, Joel Leibo, Martha Lewis, Matthias Michel,Harold F. O’Neil, Britta Rüschoff, Ute Schmid, Eric Schwitzgebel, Lorrie Shephard, Tadahiro Taniguchi,Marko Tešić, David Traum, Michael Witbrock and Hiroshi Yamakawa. We wish to thank our colleagues in the Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI). EdmundMisson, Head of CERI, and Stéphan Vincent-Lancrin, Deputy Head of IMEP Division, provided oversight,direction and valuable advice during the process. This project and its team have greatly benefited