变更管理执行指南

Prof. Dr. Olaf Passenheim Prof. Dr. Olaf Passenheim Change Management Change Management1stedition© 2014 Prof. Dr. Olaf Passenheim & bookboon.comISBN 978-87-7681-705-3 To Till Jakob and Jan Malte Contents List of Figures6 1Change Management71.1Introduction71.2Reasons for Change71.2Origins of Change Management9 Concepts of Change Management13 2.1Lewin’s Change Theory132.2Chin & Benne’s “Effecting Changes in Human System”132.3Bullock and Batten’s Phases of Planned Change142.4Beckhard and Harris change formula162.57-S Model16 EXPERIENCETHE VALUE OF APROFESSIONAL NETWORK Our peer groups are carefully tailored to members’profiles, which ensures both adequate input fromprofessionals who match your level of managementand discipline, and avoids accidental placement witha group of competitors or significant customers. 3The Change Process183.1Initiating a Top-Down Change183.2Initiating a Bottom-Up Change20 Change Management Projects31 4.1External and internal influences314.2Change strategies and approaches344.3Examples of failed change management projects374.4Pitfalls in a change management project394.4Bringing Change to Success45 5Conclusion – The 4C-Toolbox of Change Management49 EXPERIENCE THEBUSINESS BENEFITS OFA PROFESSIONAL NETWORK EGN acts as a support network for your entire business,giving you benefits that include upskilling of your keyemployees, insights into the latest market trends and tools. List of Figures Figure 1: Modern Change Management – Bottom-Up meets Top-DownFigure 2: Finding the right StrategyFigure 3: Change Management ProcessFigure 4: Unfreezing – Moving – RefreezingFigure 5: Dealing with the ChangeFigure 6: Change Management StrategiesFigure 7: The 4C-Toolbox To exist is to change,to change is to mature,to mature is to go on creating oneself endlessly.[Henri Bergson] 1Change Management 1.1Introduction Barack Obama started his election campaign with a plan to renew America’s promise with the words“Change we can believe in”. His Presidential campaign was marked by changes. He wanted to change anation and its way of acting. Throughout the campaign, Obama’s changes were aimed towards bringinga rapid end to the war in Iraq, decreasing energy dependence, and providing universal health care. Inhis victory speech Obama said “change has come to America”. Up to now, not all his plans and ideas have proven successful and only the future will reveal their fullpotential. The U.S. election was a change of the governmental position which was decided by the nation.In an admittedly smaller world, every person in his or her life as well as every manager of an organisationis faced with changes or the requirement to make changes every day. Let’s concentrate on the businessworld and have a look at what changes mean? Change is an alteration of a company’s strategy, organization or culture as a result of changes in itsenvironment, structure, technology or people. A manager’s job would be very straightforward and simple(not to say boring) if changes were not occurring in these areas. Good managers have a competence tomanage change in the company’s environment. These changes can be alterations instructure(design ofjobs, span of control, authority relationships or coordinating mechanisms), intechnology(equipment,work processes or work methods) as well as inpeople(behaviours, perceptions, expectations or attitudes). 1.2Reasons for Change A complex structure like an organization is driven by external and internal factors in regard to the needfor change. There are a number of external forces that create the explicit need for change: •Market situation or market place•Technology•Government laws and regulations•Economics The global marketplace has created a huge need for change because of internationalization and the moredynamic situation. Some of this could not have occurred without the various and dramatic changes intechnology. An example of the changing marketplace is the deregulation of the telecommunicationsindustry in the domestic market. By deregulation, the competitive pressure was put on telephonecompanies such as the German Telecom which has minimised monopolistic emplacement. Regardingthis point, advances in technology have had a big impact on the market. Also, the affordability of equipment and software allows greater competition in the IT-sector. Government laws and regulations can have a large impact on an organization such as with deregulation.Organizations have to change because it is now prescribed. The new tobacco taxes and the legislationrequiring tobacco manufacturers to disclose the harmful effects of tobacco smoking have created hugepressures on some large organizations. These organisations now have to change to ensure their economicviability. Finally, these economic ups and downs have a dramatic effect on organizations as well on domesticmarkets as the worldwide economic influence continues on organizations. This phenomenon could beseen during the last financial crisis